2019 Exam 4 Version - Human Nutrition

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Kansas State University *

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Apr 3, 2024

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Name__________________ FNDH 400 Exam 4 Version 1 May 3, 2019 Section 1 - True-False Questions. Please circle the correct answer. For false statements, correct the error(s) in the statement (2 points each, 36 points total). 1. The choice to fortify cow’s milk with vitamin K is somewhat problematic because many individuals who are least efficient at synthesizing it from the sun because of more pigmented skin are lactose intolerant. T F False, the choice to fortify cow’s milk with vitamin D is somewhat problematic because many individuals who are least efficient at synthesizing it from the sun because of more pigmented skin are lactose intolerant. 2. Iron is stored primarily by ADH and then, if full, by MEOS (overflow). T F False, iron is stored primarily in ferritin and then, if full, in hemosiderin (overflow). 3. If you consumed a steak that contained vitamin A, it would most likely be in the form of provitamin A retinol , and it would primarily be stored in hepatocytes in the liver as retinal. T F False, if you consumed a steak that contained vitamin A, it would most likely be in the form of retinyl esters , and it would primarily be stored in stellate cells in the retinal esters . 4. Beta-carotene in food would provide more RAE value than supplemental beta- carotene and alpha-carotene in food. T F False, beta-carotene in supplements would provide more RAE value than beta-carotene and alpha-carotene in food. 5. Transthyretin transports Fe2+ through circulation after it is transported through ferritin and oxidized by haptocorrin and transcobalamin II . T F False, transferrin transports Fe3+ through circulation after it is transported through ferroportin and oxidized by hephaestin and ceruloplasmin .

2 Last Name_________________________ 6. Atrophic gastritis is a condition that results in inflammation of glands in the stomach thus decreasing the absorption of iron by decreasing ferroportin production. T F False, atrophic gastritis is a condition that results in loss of glands in the stomach thus decreasing the absorption of vitamin B12 by decreasing intrinsic factor production. 7. The active form of vitamin A is 9-cis retinoic acid, since this is the form that binds to the retinoid X receptor and thus mediates many of its biological actions. T F False, the active form of vitamin A is all-trans retinoic acid, since this is the form that binds to the retinoid acid receptor and thus mediates many of its biological actions. 8. If circulating iron concentrations get high, this is sensed by the kidney which will secrete the hormone ADH so that iron is excreted in urine . T F False, if circulating iron concentrations get high, this is sensed by the liver which will secrete the hormone hepcidin so that ferroportin is degraded to prevent iron absorption . 9. Phytate is a common dietary source of phosphorus found in animal products that is highly absorbed because the enzyme phytase efficiently cleaves it allowing it to enhance the absorption of minerals such as calcium and iron. T F False, phytate is a common dietary source of phosphorus found in plant products that is poorly absorbed because we lack the enzyme phytase efficiently cleaves it allowing it to inhibit the absorption of minerals such as calcium and iron. 10. In bones and teeth, calcium is found in hydroxyapatite which is responsible for its strength and when converted to flurohydroxyapatite by adding fluoride it increases teeth’s resistance to acid produced by bacteria in the mouth. T F 11. Vitamin D 2 has an unsaturated tail, is primarily produced by animals, and when consumed increases the circulating form of vitamin D (1,25(OH) 2 D) concentrations, which is produced by the kidney, more than vitamin D 3 . T F

3 Last Name_________________________ False, vitamin D3 has an unsaturated tail, is primarily produced by animals, and when consumed increases the circulating form of vitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations, which is produced by the kidney, more than vitamin D2 . 12. In response to too high calcium concentrations, calcidiol is released from the thyroid; and in response to too low calcium concentrations, PTH is released from the pituitary gland. T F False, in response to too high calcium concentrations, calcitonin is released from the thyroid; and in response to too low calcium concentration, PTH is released from the parathyroid gland. 13. The major point of debate about whether to allow golden rice to be made available is about the safety and justification for genetically modified foods/crops. T F 14. Dermatologists are supportive of sensible sun exposure to increase vitamin A synthesis, because it is consistent with their safe sun recommendations. T F False, researchers are supportive of sensible sun exposure to increase vitamin D synthesis, because it is consistent with their safe sun recommendations. 15. An adequate blood hemoglobin concentration can tell you that a person is deficient in iron, but not that iron stores are not exhausted. T F False, a low blood hemoglobin concentration can tell you that a person is deficient in iron, but not that iron stores are exhausted. 16. High menadione intake may mask a cobalamin deficiency by correcting the most easily recognized symptom of it, but not the more serious neurological issues cause by it. T F False, high folate intake may mask a vitamin B12 deficiency by correcting the most easily recognized symptom of it, but not the more serious neurological issues cause by it. 17. Menaquinone is a form of vitamin A produced by bacteria that has an unsaturated tail of varying lengths. T F

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