Introduction to Pharmacology Task 1

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Western Governors University *

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C806

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Health Science

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Jan 9, 2024

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docx

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Uploaded by MateIceMongoose32

Introduction to Pharmacology Task #1 Martinez McKeithan WGU Student ID # 003331006

A. 1. Discuss the four stages of the drug cycle. The four stages of the drug cycle are as follows:  Absorption- This is how a medication is moved into the bloodstream from the site where it was given.  Distribution- Is the delivery of the drug to where it is needed after absorption into the bloodstream.  Metabolism – This is the process by which the body converts a drug into a less active form via the body’s liver, kidneys, and intestines.  Excretion: This is the removal of the waste product created by the drug from the Body, the wastes are mainly removed through the body’s kidneys, but some waste can be removed through the lungs, or through saliva, sweat, and bile. 2. Discuss the physiological factors involved in drug absorption and drug distribution. The factors can be:  Patient age- Patients older than 55 years old will have a decreased absorption rate and the distribution will be altered by altered liver and kidney functions, increased fatty tissue and decreased skeletal muscle and water. Since pediatric patients have a higher metabolism and lower weight than adults, they would require a smaller amount of a drug. .  Gender: Males have more muscle than fat compared to females, so drugs are absorbed and distributed more quickly in males than in females.  Food: A full stomach of food slows absorption and is absorbed faster with

increased stomach acid.  Length of contact: The longer a medication remains on a patient’s skin the greater the absorption will be.  PH: The lower the pH of a medication, the easier it will be absorbed in a patient's stomach, but medications with higher PH are absorbed less effectively.  Environmental: A patient who smokes metabolizes drugs more rapidly, so they May need larger doses than nonsmokers. 3. Discuss the difference between a side effect, a contraindication, and adverse reaction to a medication.  Side effect- This is an undesired effect that happens when a drug is given to a patient regardless of the dose. Side effects are generally anticipated by the doctor and the patient is told to be aware of the effects that could occur while on the medication. Managed. When a patient takes Ibuprofen (Kaci Durbin, 2021) some of the side effects that can occur and they are warned about are upset stomach, nausea, vomiting, headache, diarrhea, constipation, dizziness, or drowsiness.  Adverse reaction- an undesirable experience associated with taking a prescription accurately that could result in shock or even death. When this happens, the doctor may have to change the medication. Some patients who take Tramadol (Melisa Puckey, 2022) can have an adverse reactions like swelling of the eyes, face, throat, tongue, lips, hands, feet, ankles, or lower legs, changes in heartbeat, or seizures.  Contraindication- This is a specific reason a patient should not be taking medication because it may be harmful to that patient. The contraindications for the

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