Unit 6
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APWH|Unit 6 Sections 6.1-6.3 “Rationales for Imperialism,” “State Expansion,” “Indigenous Responses to State
Expansion”
Directions:
For each reading section define the important vocabulary words and answer the reading questions that follow using
specific details.
It is imperative that you complete your readings thoughtfully and independently. Students who do not do their
reading will not do well in this course.
Review (Important relevant information from old sections)
Answer the following questions briefly, using your old AMSCOs as needed.
1. What was the Columbian Exchange - how did it lead to colonization?
The Columbian Exchange was the transfer of diseases, plants, animals and technology. This led to colonization because it caused
population growth in Europe.
2. Why is Britain gaining so much power during the era of industrialization?
Britain gained so much power during the era of industrialization by the agricultural changes and economic developments.
Vocabulary for Sections 6.1-6.3
Key term/event
Definition (Think - Who, What, When, Where
…
) and Significance (Why this term matters)
1. Imperialism
Policy that would lead to conflicts in Asia and a scramble to colonize Africa
2. Sino-Japanese War
Japan won the war with China and gained control over Korea.
3. Social Darwinism
Darwin's theory that the "fittest" species are the ones which survive and that the weaker species
are weeded out.
4. Suez Canal
More than 1.5 million Egyptians were employed during the construction of a 100-mile long canal in
1869
5. Settler Colony
Spanish, Italian and French immigrants were attracted to the territory when it was established by
the French for Algeria
6. Berlin Conference
An international conference organized by Otto von Bismarck to promote the orderly colonization of
Africa, Africans were not invited.
7. Boer Wars
The British won land wars against Afrikaners. They were bloody and brutal.
8. King Leopold II
The Belgian Government was persuaded to support the colonization of central Africa by the
Belgian president under his rule (1865-1909)
9. Spheres of Influence
European nations carved out exclusive trading rights and access to national resources within China
as a result of superior military power
10. Taiping Rebellion
During the Qing Dynasty, political problems within the Qing government, the appointee Hong
Xiuquan, starving farm workers and miners, and unsuccessful civil servants candidates attempted
overthrow.
11. Boxer Rebellion
An estimated 200-250 foreigners died in the revolt. The emperor and the court suffered an
embarrassing defeat that undermined their legitimacy
12. Penal Colony
Used to banish convicts. england chose to utilize Australia for their settlement, the east coast
became known as New South Wales
13. Monroe Doctrine
given by president James Monroe (1823), expressed that European countries ought not intercede
in the undertakings of the nations in the Western Hemisphere
14. Manifest Destiny
a characteristic and unavoidable right to grow to the Pacific Ocean
15. Ghost Dance
customs of moves and tunes were intended to rush their event,spread from Sierra Nevada, to the
Missouri River and from northern Texas to the Canadian boundary.
16. Indian National Congress
set up by a few English taught Indians, immediately became self-rule
17. Treaty of Paris
approved in February 1899, finished the conflict that only moved control of the Philippines from
Spain to the US
18. Maori Wars
wars that broke out when the Maori became frightened by english settlement designs. English
ultimately defeated the Maori in 1846.
19. Pan-Africanism
Western-instructed Africans who had a common character and patriotism
20. Xhosa Cattle Killing
lead to the consequence of starvation and the passing of thousands of individuals. English were
not driven out of the space.
REMEMBER TO USE COMPLETE SENTENCES UNLESS NOTED.
6.1 “Rationales for Imperialism”
Objective
Key Developments
Explain how
ideologies
contributed
to the
development
of
imperialism
from 1750 to
1900.
General
1. How does the poem at the beginning of 6.1 reflect the ideas of imperialism?
The poem reflects the ideas of imperialism because it explains colonization and conflict that happened.
Nationalist Motives for Imperialism
2. What characterized most of the 1800s - why are countries wanting colonies?
Countries wanted colonies to build an empire that would asset its national identity in the global arena and it
would also create an empire that would guarantee resources in the industrial age.
3. How did the following try to assert their national pride through settlement:
A.
Britain: expanded its influence in South Asia and gradually took control of India from the East India
Company.
B.
France: expanded its territory overseas.
C.
Italy and Germany: they each wanted the colonies for prestige mainly but also for economic and strategic
reasons.
D.
Spain: colonies in the first part of imperialism and the power was great.
E.
Japan: incursions into Korea and also seized Taiwan from the Portuguese colonizations.
Cultural and Religious Motives for Imperialism
4. Describe how science was used as proof that colonization was a right of stronger nations.
The weaker species would die and the stronger ones would live and this was proven by the Darwin theory that
the fittest will survive because they are the strongest.
5. Explain how Charles Darwin’s idea of selection/fittest species was used to justify imperialism.
This theory argued that the spread of European and US power proved the biological superiority of whites.
6. How did colonizing countries force their culture on the places they took over? Give specific examples of this.
They enforced their cultures by only speaking their own language and teaching people their language.
7. Explain how religious motives were part of the rationale for imperialism.
Religious motives were part of the rationale for imperialism because it pursued people to give up their traditional
beliefs and this would change the religious pave way for others who were focused on economic gain.
Economic Motives for Imperialism
8. How did treaties and company charters lead European powers to take over other countries? How did this
impact other nations?
Treaties and companies charters lead to European rights to establish trading posts and forts to protect their
interests. It impacted other nations by raising armies and conquering territory from other colonies.
9. Describe how the following are examples of economic imperialism:
A.
East India Company (EIC): the company traded primarily in cotton and silk and it became the major agent
of British imperialism in India.
B.
Dutch East India Company: Replaced the Portuguese that had the control over the region of the company
and also took control of the company’s positions in 1799.
10. Describe the ‘new imperialism’ at the end of the Industrial Revolution. Who is involved? Where are they
taking over and why?
New imperialism was the period after the Industrial Revolution and the Napoleonic Wars. Australia, New Zealand
and South Africa and they were taken over by makers for British manufactured goods.
6.2 “State Expansion”
Objective
Key Developments
Compare
processes by
which state
power shifted
in various
parts of the
world from
1750-1900.
General
1. Describe the point of view of King Leopold toward imperialism based on the quote at the start of 6.2
He believes that imperialism relies on the indigenous people's total submission and obedience. He opposes
educating natives beyond basic skills because he does not want them to be able to reason for themselves.
Imperialism in Africa
2. In general, summarize the relationship Europe had with Africa prior to this point.
Europe relationship with africa was long-standing due to slave trade and European countries clarified this by the
importation of Africans as slave labor illegally by the early 1800s.
3. European presence was specifically limited in Africa at first. Why did this change?
This changed because of better military technology and other technologies that could treat diseases in africa.
4. What was the significance of the Suez canal - how did they build it? How did it impact Egypt?
The significance of this canal was that a French company managed the project having mostly slaves building it
they had 1.5 million Egyptians and they were all unpaid workers who were forced to work and thousands died
because the work was hard to do.
5. Describe the following colonies of West Africa in your own words:
A.
Sierra Leone: home for freed people from throughout the British Empire who had been enslaved.
B.
Gambia: used as bases to try to stop the exportation of slaves from that region.
C.
Lagos: served as base for the annexation of much of the rest of what is now Nigeria.
D.
Ghana and the Gold Coast: became the crowd of the colony in 1874 and British control in 1901.
E.
What three things is Britain bringing to these colonies: Western education, English language and
Christianity.
6. How does Britain expand its empire in West Africa? Explain.
European increased control of African lands and the treaties came to be meaningless and warfare was the
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