HST 224 Lesson Assignment 13

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History

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Dec 6, 2023

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Christian Cooper Assignment Lesson 13 1. What was the strategic goal for MARKET GARDEN? Why wasn't it successful. Operation Market Garden was a bold plan devised by the Allies during World War II, primarily spearheaded by British Field Marshal Montgomery. The strategic goal was to execute a massive airborne operation to secure a series of bridges in the Netherlands, allowing the Allied forces to swiftly advance into Germany and potentially end the war by the end of 1944. The operation involved paratroopers dropping behind enemy lines to secure key bridges and a ground force advancing rapidly to link up with them. However, several factors contributed to its failure. First, Logistical issues arose. “The plan relied heavily on swift movement and supply lines. However, the distance of the operation, poor weather, and the inability to secure critical supply routes led to a shortage of vital resources, including ammunition and fuel. There was also an Underestimation of Enemy Strength . The Allies did not fully anticipate the strength of the German forces in the area. The presence of two SS Panzer divisions awaiting the Allied advance caused significant complications and resistance. There was a failure to Capture Key Objectives such as key bridges, especially the one at Arnhem, were not secured as quickly as planned. The delay allowed the Germans to reinforce and ultimately repel the Allied forces.” Issues with poor communication and intelligence errors hampered coordination among the Allied forces, leading to misunderstandings and delays. The combination of these factors led to the failure of Operation Market Garden. It did not achieve its intended goal of creating a quick and decisive path into Germany, and it resulted in significant casualties among the Allied forces involved. (Lyons pgs. 288-301).

2. The Yalta Conference was the last meeting of the big three. What was the agreement? Where were the front lines during Yalta? The Yalta Conference took place in February 1945 and was attended by Franklin D. Roosevelt (USA), Winston Churchill (UK), and Joseph Stalin (USSR). Several key agreements were made during this meeting. “The Division of Germany was made by the Allied leaders when they agreed to divide Germany into four occupation zones, each administered by one of the Allied powers (the USA, USSR, UK, and France). The United Nations discussed the establishment of the United Nations, a post-war international organization aimed at maintaining peace and security. Free Elections in Eastern Europe in which there was an agreement to allow liberated European nations to hold free elections to determine their own governments after the war. However, this pledge was not fully honored as the Soviet Union maintained control over Eastern Europe, leading to the establishment of Soviet-friendly governments in these countries.” The front lines during the Yalta Conference were fluid due to the ongoing battles of World War II. By that time, the Eastern Front was in a position where Soviet forces had pushed deep into Eastern Europe and were advancing towards Berlin. The Western Front was amid the Allied forces pushing into Germany from the west. (Lyons, pigs 307-311).

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