Brandon Willmore HIST 2650 Final Exam Spring 2022

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Dec 6, 2023

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HIST 2650 World 1914 to the Present NAME:__ Brandon Willmore_____ Final Exam Spring 2022 Part I: Essay (50%) Write a well-organized and coherent essay on ONE (1) of the choices below. You should use three (3) points or examples to support your argument. “Following the Second World War (1945) the United States and Soviet Union emerged as superpowers and shaped the world through competition with each other. This ideological and political rivalry led to the demise of Europe’s colonial empires, but also brought the world to the brink of annihilation.” In many ways, The Second World War can be understood as a struggle over the destiny of humankind, led by two nations that fancied themselves as influential leaders on the global stage. When the end of the war came, there was still a conflicting visions for what was the best way forward for two most powerful nations in the world—the united States and the Soviet Union; this conflict of visions was the central cause for unfinished business. The Cold War began while Joseph Stalin was still in power in 1947, and heated up when many of the nations of Eastern Europe broke ut into revolution and adopted communist ideals, eventually joining Russia and becoming united with Russia to form the USSR. From there, the power dynamics between communist and free democracies created a global struggle which shaped the global conflict known as the Cold War. WWII brought a great deal of economic turmoil to the West; many of these countries had their resources depleted and went into full-blown recovery mode. With pressure quickly mounting from the Cold War, maintaining colonial power was a frivolous cause. Many Asian and African countries took their opportunity to regain political independence. Seeing some nations like Japan and others separate themselves from European influence and find economic and social success drove nations' desire for societal independence. At the same time, some of the countries that were attempting to break away from imperialist forces and reclaim independence did not have the critical mass of citizens and political structure to oust their foreign counterparts. In the wake of the decolonization, many nations were unable to avoid entanglement with members of the Cold War conflict because they needed to secure aid and markets for their exports. In the effort to economically develop their societies, they were forced to appeal to the major powers and declare their respective allegiance. After becoming a global conflict that had an impact on trade relations everywhere which led to the formation of NATO and COMECON, a nuclear arms race ensued, bringing the threat level higher than ever. Proxy wars began to break out across the middle east and South Asia, and allegiances in places like Cuba heightened tensions even more. This conflict was

exemplified during JFK’s administration in what was known as the Cuban missile crisis when the threat of nuclear annihilation seemed imminent to many, and forced Americans and Soviets to retreat to nationalist sentiments which were directly at odds with eachother. Thankfully, this conflict came to an end in 1991 when the Soviet Union was embattled with economic struggles and eventually collapsed. Part II: Matching (25%) Match the descriptive statements from Column “B” to the items in Column “A.” Record the letter from Column B in the space beside the item in Column A. Column A Column B 1. __G._ Mao Zedong A. Cuban Communist leader. 2. __I._ Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini B. Nationalist leader in Africa. 3. __B._ Fidel Castro C. Guatemalan leader toppled by CIA. 4. _E.__ Dwight D. Eisenhower D. First leader of India 1947-1964. 5. _C.__ Jacobo Arbenz E. U.S. President 1953-1961. 6. _F.__ Kwame Nkrumah F. Leader of USSR 1924-1953. 7. __J._ Milton Friedman G. Chinese Communist leader. 8. _F.__ Joseph Stalin H. Leader of Egypt 1954-1970. 9. _D.__ Jawaharlal Nehru I. Leader of 1979 Iranian Revolution. 10. _H.__ Gamal Abdul Nasser J. Theorist of Neo-liberalism. Part III: Map (25%) Write the number from the map in the space next to the corresponding name from the list below. 1. Guatemala __8__ 2. Australia _10__ 3. Angola __5___ 4. Russia __3__ 5. Israel __7__ 6. Yemen __1___ 7. Iraq __6__ 8. Cuba __4__ 9. United States __2__ 10. Ethiopia __9__

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