HIS 100 Project Template (1)

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Southern New Hampshire University *

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100

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History

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Dec 6, 2023

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HIS 100 Project Template (1) HIS 100 Project Template Use this template to address the steps in your Project Guidelines and Rubric. Replace the bracketed text with your responses. Ensure that you have considered your instructor’s feedback when revising your work. Proofread the entire document before submitting. Part 1: Creating a Research Question 1. Describe how your assumptions, beliefs, and values influenced your choice of topic. One of the most horrible racially motivated occurrences that have ever occurred, in my opinion —as someone who supports racial diversity and condemns racial violence—was the Tulsa Race Massacre. I grew up in a state that had racial ideals, therefore I was curious to learn more about a historical incident that happened close to where I live. In the adjacent states, the historical racial causes are either incorrectly understood or altogether disregarded. Even though the massacre's site is an hour away from where I live, I never took any classes on it when I was younger. I had no knowledge of any information on the Tulsa Massacre prior to beginning my study for this class. Because I believe that racism is inhumane and that individuals should not intentionally injure another person based only on their skin color, my viewpoint and ideas may have had an influence on my decision to study the Tulsa Massacre. 2. Discuss the significance of your historical research question in relation to your current event. Regarding the recent case of Axel Cox, a Mississippi man who was charged with a hate crime for allegedly endangering his black neighbors by lighting fire to a crucifix in his front yard. My study subject, "What led the victims of the Tulsa Massacre to be perceived as the aggressors," examines how the state of Mississippi is taking steps to avoid a racial attack from making the victims the perpetrators. Mississippi has proven that it enforces its laws and defends people who could be the target of racial prejudice by imprisoning Cox and fining him $250,000. Furthermore, it has shown that Cox, not his neighbors, was the only one to blame for the racial assault. 3. Explain how you used sources to finalize your research question. To answer my final research question, "What led the victims of the Tulsa Massacre to be seen as the aggressors?" I consulted my primary source, "The Oklahoma Digital Prairie," and my secondary source, "The Tulsa riot of 1921: Collective violence and racial frameworks." When the riots broke out, some of the earliest items that were documented were about the mobs that were going to attack the black community, according to my analysis of the articles published in the Oklahoma Digital Prairie. In a letter to Lieutenant Colonel L. J. F. Rooney, Major Byron Kirkpatrick notifies him of the force she dispatched to keep the black masses under control and traffic off the streets. In The Tulsa Riot of 1921, it is stated that racial tensions sparked the unrest when Rowland was threatened with being lynched. Rowland was accused of attacking a white lady by the white community, which led to attempts to harm Rowland following his conviction. Part 2: Building Context to Address Questions 1. Describe the context of your historical event that influenced your current event. Jim Crow laws, enforcing racial segregation and prohibiting Black people from voting, were established by Oklahoma in 1907. In 1921, when the mobs first arrived, racial segregation was still in place in Tulsa. There was still racial tension between whites and blacks, and white people still saw black people as threats. The burning of the crucifix in Cox's yard and the Tulsa Massacre are connected because they both serve as examples of how bigotry still exists in the United States today, despite all the time that has passed. Even after various laws were passed, there are still those who hold racist beliefs and believe that black people are a threat to white people. 4. Describe a historical figure or group’s participation in your historical event. 1
The Tulsa Massacre had a substantial historical participation by the white population. The white neighborhood in Tulsa, Oklahoma, was mostly to blame for the murder. Civil officials selected many white males as their agents and deputies, all of whom were there when the violence broke out and some of whom had also participated. In that capacity, deputies frequently intensified the violence by overt acts that were likewise illegal, as opposed to putting an end to it. Public officials distributed weapons and ammunition to people, all of whom were white. Units of the Oklahoma National Guard were involved in the widespread arrests of all or almost all the residents of Greenwood. 2019 (Tulsa Historical Society & Museum). 5. Explain the historical figure or group’s motivation to participate in your historical event . The day of May 30, 1921 was initiated by a lynch mob in the white community at the courtroom where Rowland was present. Later that day, a group of black men came forward to give Rowland safety. On May 31, 1921, the white community united and began its onslaught on Greenwood. Part 3: Examining How Bias Impacts Narrative 1. Describe a narrative you identified while researching the history of your historical event. According to the story I found, the white community in Tulsa framed black individuals there using racist tropes and racial frameworks. Instead of the black community being the victims, they painted them as the aggressors. We show that the riot was finally and officially portrayed in 1921 as an uprising of a violent black mob, even though survivors and their leaders perceived it as an injustice. Messer, Beamon, and Bell (2013). In response to the riot, the mayor of Tula issued the following statement in 1921: "Let the blame for this newgrouping lie right where it belongs - on those armed negroes and their followers who started this trouble and who instigated it and any persons who seek to put half the blame on the white people are wrong and should be told so in no uncertain language." Numerous smart individuals in Tulsa believe that this rebellion was inevitable based on their years of observation. 6. Articulate how biased perspectives presented in primary and secondary sources influence what is known or unknown about history. If that's the case and we must bear this judgment, I think it was a good move to focus the damage on the area where the issue was conceived, put into motion, and initially manifested." proclamation of a riot "Even the mayor of Tulsa at the time blamed the massacre on the black community, presenting them as the aggressors rather than the victims (Messer, Beamon, and Bell, 2013). Someone's thoughts may be impacted by biased perspectives in primary or secondary sources. The Tulsa Massacre is seen as racially motivated acts of violence because of the harm done to the black community. 10 o'clock in the morning. A racial riot had occurred. According to him, bombs started dropping from the sky after some time of black community defense. A fire destroyed the whole black neighborhood, resulting in 300 deaths. (Ross, 2001) If an anti-black individual had written an article on the Tulsa Massacre, they may have claimed that the riots were sparked by the black community because the black men went to court to defend what the white community did as being lawful. White Tulsans saw the gathering of whites at the neighborhood courts as normal, while they saw the entrance of blacks bearing guns as rebellious. (Beamon, Bell, and Messer, 2013) It is difficult for people to form their own judgments on the subject when a biased viewpoint is included in an article, whether it is the major or secondary viewpoint. 7. Identify the perspectives that you think are missing from your historical event’s narrative. However, there is no evidence from the white mobs despite the mayor and other officials having paperwork from the night of the slaughter. The reason why they started the riot in their own words at the time, as well as how they felt when it was all done, have not been revealed. Part 4: Connecting the Past with the Present 1. Explain how researching its historical roots helped improve your understanding of your current 2
event. My understanding of the numerous racial riots that were occurring around the United States beginning in 1919, giving rise to the term "the Red Summer," increased because of my research into the historical context of the Tulsa Massacre. There is no proof the Klan was involved in the Tulsa Riot, but hundreds of Tulsans joined the KKK in the two years that followed. Race riots also occurred in Chicago, Detroit, and Atlanta because of the high tension of racial segregation after the end of World War 1. 2019, Race Riots, Lynchings, and Other Forms of Racial Discrimination in the 1920s) In an effort to terrify his black neighbors, Cox burnt a cross in his front yard, just as the KKK would have done in the 1920s and made threatening remarks about their race. Whites are no longer restricted from acting in a way they believe is proper to demonstrate their superiority over other races since racial segregation was abolished. Cox is among the white folks who still enjoy the idea that they are better than black people. Even though the KKK was not participating in the Tulsa Riot, most people think of the KKK and the burning of crosses in black people's yards when they imagine white mobs or white supremacy. 8. Articulate how questioning your assumptions, beliefs, and values may benefit you as an individual. I may challenge my assumptions, views, and goals to consider how others might interpret things. While we are discussing a topic, I will be able to comprehend another person's point of view, even if it varies from mine, and I will be able to comprehend their reasoning for holding that position. I will also be able to make new connections and have talks that are more productive. 9. Discuss how being a more historically informed citizen may help you understand contemporary issues. I could consider other people's perspectives on a subject and take what I can from them to help me learn more about the subject and become a historically informed citizen. By being aware of the many historical perspectives, I could be reminded to research current events and watch out for biased viewpoints. References Goldberg, M. (2022, September 23). Mississippi man gets hate crime charge in cross burning. AP NEWS. 3
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