6-3 Historical Analysis Essay Progress Check 2

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Southern New Hampshire University *

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History

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Dec 6, 2023

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1 Ismael Laboy HIS 200: Q4867 Applied History 6-3 Historical Analysis Essay Progress Check 2 Southern New Hampshire University April 9, 2022

2 Revised Thesis The busing crisis significantly improved the city of Boston because it not only desegregated the school system, however it also created unbelievable opportunities for minority students and led to much progress that would be discouraged and prevented by a discriminatory education system and political environment. This is what deemed the historical event a crisis. Introduction The desegregation of Boston public schools (1974-1988) took place during very lengthy legal battles in Boston, where public schools tried to desegregate the busing for African American students. The call for desegregation and its first years led to a series of racist public protests and riots, specifically from 1974 to 1976. W. Arthur Garrity Jr. of the United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts had drawn-out a plan to obligate students to bus between white and black areas of the city in response to Massachusetts legislature’s ratification of the 1965 Racial Imbalance Act, which ordered public schools to desegregate affording the black and white student’s equal opportunities within the education system. In 2013, a busing system with significantly reduced busing was implemented to replace the old, flawed busing system. It lasted for over a decade for the hard control of the desegregation plan. It had an impact on Boston politics and contributed to Boston’s population demographic shifts, causing a decrease in public- school enrollment and a white flight into suburbs. In 1988, the Boston School Committee was fully controlled by the desegregation plan. Also, twenty years after the Supreme Court of the United States declared that “ Segregated schools are inherently unequal”, there were two cities in Massachusetts implemented desegregation plans. On September 12, 1974, the Boston school

3 system began operation under an interim federal court which specified the steps to be taken toward desegregation. A week later, a state court order had a similar impact on the opening of the Springfield schools. The entire communities of Boston and Springfield felt the impact of these changes. Body Eventually, busing hurt Boston because it led to violent racial strife, contributed to white flight, and damaged the quality of the public school system. The busing crisis was exactly that a crisis that led to further damage and completely unnecessary division between 2 racial groups who instead of processing towards total equality, it ended up completely destroying the public school system, which yes, maybe intentions of those in positions of power were good, but hasty decisions were made, violence broke out, and authorities lost control of the city as a whole. Eventually, busing harmed Boston by inciting racial tensions, encouraging white migration, and lowering the quality of public education. The white children were taken out of the publics school and planted into private schools, taking most of the funding away from the public school system. In response to the following thesis, I believe Judge Garrity’s motivations were good and honest, but the decision was made too quickly. The most obvious way that busing hurt the City of Boston is the violence that broke out pitting the blacks and whites against each other even more. Many white Bostonians were outraged by the busing crisis, which fueled racist violence and class tensions throughout the city over the course of an incredibly tense decade. During these years, anti-busing protests and imagery made national headlines, further solidifying Boston’s reputation as a city riven by racial and socio-cultural conflict.

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