Review Questions Chapter 2
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Date
Apr 3, 2024
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Review Questions Chapter 2
1. Compare and contrast settlement patterns, treatment of Indians, and religion of the Spanish
and English in the Americas.
Answer-
The English were more concerned with finding gold rather than building functioning
societies; societies were built around biblical teachings. The Spanish intended for European
national power to extend to western civilization beginning with Catholicism and the influence of
the pope. English settlers were driven from England due to religious practices. The English saw
themselves as saving the Indians from the Spanish and their tyrannical ways.
2. For English settlers, the land was the basis of independence and liberty. Explain the reasoning
behind that concept and how it differed from the Indians’ conception of land.
Answer-Owning land would give men control over their own labor and the right to vote in most
colonies. Possessions showed wealth, wealth demonstrated power, the power that could be used
to influence a society a certain way and convince others to follow.
3. Describe the factors promoting and limiting religious freedom in the New England and
Chesapeake colonies.
Answer-
The majority in the Chesapeake region were Protestants. The Church of England
retained too many elements of Catholicism in its religious rituals and doctrine. In New England,
John Calvin would teach the public that the world was divided between the elect and the
damned.
-Puritans believed that religious uniformity was essential to social order.
-Puritans did not believe in religious toleration.
4. Describe who chose to emigrate to North America from England in the seventeenth century
and explain their reasons.
Answer-
-Immigrants with ample financial resources - sons of merchants and English gentlemen -
had taken advantage of the headright system and governmental connections to acquire large
estates along navigable rivers. They believed that land was the basis for liberty.
-Many came as indentured servants. Puritans fled as separatists from the Church of England and
its negative influences.
-Desire to escape religious persecution, anxiety about the future of England, and the prospect of
economic betterment.
5. In what ways did the economy, government, and household structure differ in New England
and the Chesapeake colonies?
Answer-
-In England, a married woman was able to possess certain rights by law, such as "dower
rights" 1/3 of her husband's property in the event that he died before she did.
-In Chesapeake, Margaret Brent was able to acquire land, manage her own plantation, and acted
as a lawyer in court. Widowers were able to manage their husbands' estates or were willed their
husbands' property outright.
-Economically, New England was more self-efficient (fishing, timber for exports) they also
consumed what they cultivated; whereas Chesapeake depended on laborers to produce.
-Dispersed plantation society of the Chesapeake vs. the organized colony of self-governed towns
of New England.
-New England's environment was much healthier than the Chesapeake and the male/female ratio
was more even with more children surviving infancy, making the woman's adult life devoted to
bearing and rearing children.
-Puritans feared excessive individualism and lack of social unity.
7. Considering politics, social tensions, and debates over the meaning of liberty, how do the
events and aftermath of the English Civil War demonstrate that the English colonies in North
America were part of a larger Atlantic community?
Answer-Most New Englanders sided with Parliament and some returned to England to join
forces.
8. How did the tobacco economy draw the Chesapeake colonies into the greater Atlantic world?
Answer-Tobacco became Virginia's substitute for gold. Virginia's white society came to resemble
that of England.
Key Terms Chapter 2
Virginia Company-A private business organization whose shareholders included merchants,
aristocrats, and members of the Parliament, to which the queen had given her blessing
before her death in 1603.
Enclosure movement-The process by which landlords sought profits by raising sheep for the
expanding trade in wool and introducing more modern farming practices such as crop rotation.
They evicted small farmers and fenced-in "commons" previously open to all.
House of Burgesses-The first elected assembly in colonial America. Only landowners could vote
and the company and its appointed governor retained the right to nullify any measure that the
body adopted.
Puritans-English religious group that sought to purify the Church of England; founded the
Massachusetts Bay Colony under John Winthrop in 1630.
Mayflower Compact-Signed in 1620 aboard the Mayflower before the pilgrims landed at Plymouth,
the document committed the group to majority rule government.
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