Chanel Johnson

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School

Southern New Hampshire University *

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Course

200

Subject

History

Date

Apr 3, 2024

Type

docx

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Uploaded by mushie2388

Chanel Johnson HIS 200: Applied History Southern New Hampshire University March 11 th , 2024 Topic and Research Question Topic: The topic I chose for my paper is School Desegregation in Boston. After the Racial Imbalance Act of 1965 was passed by the Massachusetts legislature and mandated that the state's public schools desegregate. Even though 44 of Boston’s schools fell into this category, Boston School Committee members refused to develop or implement plans to integrate the city’s schools ( Desegregation busing: Encyclopedia of Boston ). Several years later June 21, 1974, Judge Wendell Arthur Garrity Jr. made a significant ruling when he mandated schools in Boston to desegregate because the city had not changed much, and the schools continued to be segregated even after the Imbalance Act was passed. This would mean that buses would transport white children to black schools and black students to white schools which to riots in the neighborhood and a great deal of violence against Black students and their families at this time. At the time of the court's ruling, the committee was also found guilty of having violated the equal protection clause of the 14 th Amendment (Miletsky, 2022). I found this topic to be very important because this plays a huge role in how school systems handle diversity now. I also chose this topic because I thought it was very interesting that this summer will be the 50 th anniversary since this took place and I’m just learning about this, so I wanted to open myself up to something I know nothing about.

Research Questions: After doing much research and finding the primary and secondary resources I will be using, for my research question I chose: What were the political factors that influenced the beginning of Boston’s Desegregation? Search Terms and Sources The search terms I will be using will be Boston Desegregation 1974-1988, Judge W. Arthur Garrity Jr and Boston, Busing in Boston, Education discrimination, School Segregation in Boston, Brown vs Board of Education, and Education Rights and Boston. Although there are many great secondary sources that I can use when it comes to research, I will be using: Zebulon Vance Milesky, (2021). Before Busing: A History of Boston’s Long Black Freedom Struggle. The University of North Carolina Press. This article caught my attention since it provides information regarding the city's pre-busing state, which might be useful in addressing my research question. Another secondary source that I chose is Hornburger, J. M. (1976). Deep are the Roots: Busing in Boston. The Journal of Negro Education , 45 (3), 235–245. https://doi.org/10.2307/2966901 . I chose this article because it gave a clear insight into the event, along with the effects this had on everyon the good and bad.

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