Chanel Johnson

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School

Southern New Hampshire University *

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Course

200

Subject

History

Date

Apr 3, 2024

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docx

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Uploaded by mushie2388

Chanel Johnson HIS 200: Applied History Southern New Hampshire University March 6 th , 2024 Topic and Research Question Topic: The topic I chose for my paper is School Desegregation in Boston. After the Racial Imbalance Act of 1965 was passed by the Massachusetts legislature and mandated that the state's public schools desegregate. Even though 44 of Boston’s schools fell into this category, Boston School Committee members refused to develop or implement plans to integrate the city’s schools ( Desegregation busing: Encyclopedia of Boston ). Several years later on June 21, 1974, Judge Wendell Arthur Garrity Jr. made a significant ruling when he mandated schools in Boston to desegregate because the city had not changed much, and the schools continued to be segregated even after the Imbalance Act was passed. This meant that buses would transport white children to black schools and black students to white schools, by doing this they wanted the black students to have the same quality of education. During this time it created a lot of violence and riots within the community. I found this topic to very important because this plays a huge role in how school systems handle diversity now. I also chose this topic because I thought it was very interesting that this summer will be the 50 th anniversary since this took place and I’m just learning about this, so I wanted to open myself up to something I know nothing about. Research Questions: After doing much research and finding my primary and secondary resources I will be using, for my research question I chose: What were the political factors that influenced the beginning of Boston’s Desegregation?

References: Desegregation busing: Encyclopedia of Boston . Desegregation Busing | Encyclopedia of Boston. (n.d.). https://bostonresearchcenter.org/projects_files/eob/single-entry- busing.html#:~:text=On%20June%2021%2C%201974%2C%20Judge,white%20schools %20across%20the%20city . Napier, A. (2023). The Boston Freedom Schools as Places of Possibility for Reciprocal Integrated Education. History of Education Quarterly, 63 (1), 84-106. https://doi.org/10.1017/heq.2022.42 Dunne, K. (2016). Busing & beyond: School desegregation in Boston . Busing & Beyond: School Desegregation in Boston | DPLA. https://dp.la/primary-source-sets/busing-beyond-school- desegregation-in-boston de Jong, G. (2022). Making Desegregation Work: Citizen Participation and Bureaucratic Resistance in the Boston Public Schools, 1974–85. Journal of Social History 56 (2), 463- 489. https://www.muse.jhu.edu/article/877604 .

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