Final Exam 3

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Arizona State University *

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History

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Apr 3, 2024

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Briana Crosby Dec 4,2022 Final Exam Part 3 Essay This essay will be discussing the purpose of the Indian Reorganization Act, its effects on Native Americans and the involvement of Native Americans in World War II. Under the presidency of President Franklin Roosevelt came change and reform for the Native Americans. It all started when the IDA, Institute for Government Research released the “Meriam report”, this report “which detailed the poor condition of tribal economies and the utter destitution in the Indian country (Kratz, 2015). From this highly detailed report on the tribal lands, we truly got to see how the Natives were living as a people. These results were so horrific that the newly appointed Secretary of Indian Defense Association (IDA) fought for change. This change came in the form of the Indian Reorganization Act, mostly referred as the Indian New Deal. Collier’s goal was to “preserve what remained of American Indian culture”, and help them rebuild from the inside out. They
established the Indian arts and crafts board to help with preserving and promoting Native material culture. They also incorporated Native languages and customs documented by government funded anthropologists into their bilingual syllabi. The Johnson-O’Malley Act of 1934 passed and offered federal money to support Native education, health care, and agricultural assistance programs. “The IRA abolished the allotment program detailed in the Dawes Act and made finds available to Native American groups for the purchase of lost tribal lands. It required the Indians receive preferential treatment when applying to BIA jobs on the reservation…IRA called for a referendum on home rule and self-governance, asking tribes to vote to establish new tribal councils.” (Kratz,2015). All of these changes came from the push for reform that Collier started after the Meriam report, although it doesn’t fix everything it was a start in a new direction. Everyone knows that the United States joined the World War II after the attack on Pearl Harbor by the Japanese. After this fatal attack there was a call to action across the Nation to bear arms. From this call for enlistment, the Native Americans were the largest contributors to the armed forces. Some tribes had over 70 percent of the men in the army. “The response of the Native population in this country to the war effort was such that when the Pearl Harbor attack
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