Written Question 11_12

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Apr 3, 2024

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Chapter 11 Given that most northern states had abolished slavery by the 1830s, how is it useful to think of slavery as a national rather than regional ; economic and political system? Because there was an abundance of slaves, the economy had a national impact, so it is useful to think of slavery as a national rather than a regional economic and political system. Despite the north's abolition of slavery, northern businesspeople and manufacturers continued to profit from it. Slave labor was extensively used in the manufacture of cotton. Seventy-five percent of the cotton used in the world was produced using slave labor in America. The plantations that used slavery were also sponsored and insured by banks and insurance firms. The nation as a whole, not just the southern states, was affected by slavery. While some poor southern whites resented the dominance of the; slavocracy; most supported the institution and accepted the power of the planter class. Why did the plain folk continue to support slavery ? Most impoverished whites connected with the economic and social authority of the planters, though some detested it and were against the "slaveocracy" and the large planters. Regional allegiance helped to strengthen ties between planters and the South's "plain folk" in the face of outside criticism. Additionally, a few small farmers in the plantation area were in charge of keeping an eye out for escaped slaves and others using the roads without a permit. In the South, the "simple folk" frequently elected slaveowners to public positions and occasionally hired slaves from plantation owners. The majority of small farmers thought that slavery was a need for their economic and personal independence. So, the "plain folk" were in favor of slavery. How did the planters; paternalism serve to justify the system of slavery? How did it hide the reality of life for slaves? Even in the eighteenth century, the paternalism of the landowners was a characteristic of American slavery, and it only deepened after 1808. It strengthened the bond between masters and slaves and provided property owners with a financial stake in the survival of their human assets. Furthermore, the paternalist perspective concealed the brutality of slavery. Even though they bought and sold the people they owned as slaves, it allowed the slaveowners to present themselves as loving owners. Some slaveowners attempted to alter the harsh aspects of the institution of slavery, but they were unable to put an end to it. Identify the basic elements of the proslavery defense and those points aimed especially at non- southern audiences. The fundamental principle of the defense of pro-slavery was that white people were superior to black people. The existence of an upper class and a lower class was contested. Slavery, according to some, is necessary for society's evolution since without it, people cannot advance. Some people in the South thought that in order for white people to be treated equally, there must be slaves to perform unskilled labor. The white

people wouldn't be free without slavery. Some biblical justifications for slavery held that slaves should follow their owners. In what sense did southern slaveholders consider themselves forward-looking ? Slaveowners in the South believed they were progressive for a variety of reasons. Owners of slaves thought they were fundamentally better than people of color. They held the opinion that black people were unable to live free lives. Slave owners also asserted that numerous notable civilizations, including ancient Rome and Greece, relied on slave labor and that these dynasties were extremely successful. Owners of slaves wanted to demonstrate that if these dynasties could succeed, why shouldn't they? Slave owners also argued that slavery had significant economic advantages that would ultimately benefit all people. Compare slaves in the Old South with those elsewhere in the world , focusing on health, diet, and opportunities for freedom. Slaves in the United States had better diets, lower infant mortality rates, and longer life expectancies than slaves in the West Indies and Brazil in the nineteenth century. Due to their geographical location and lower susceptibility to tropical diseases, American slaves had better health than those in the Caribbean. Slave owners in the Old South also began to care for their slaves as a result of their inability to import fresh slaves from Africa and the rise in the price of slaves. However, compared to other nations, the regulations in the Old South were harder and stricter, and they only got worse with time. Even if the health and nourishment of the slaves were better than those in other nations, they still had less freedom than slaves from other countries. Describe the difference between gang labor and task labor for slaves, and explain how slaves; tasks varied by region across the Old South. The type of crop and the size of the holding determined the gang labor and task labor, and the jobs assigned to slaves varied according to the region of the South. First, there was gang work on sizable farms in the Cotton Belt and in the southern Louisiana sugar fields. The overseer was in charge of the gang slaves. Additionally, task work was present on the wealthy plantations in Georgia and South Carolina. The task slaves received actual chores to complete for the day. Due to geographic differences, slaves also performed a variety of tasks. The majority of city slaves were servants and cook laborers, and many urban slaves even lived on their own. Some task slaves worked in underdeveloped fields because they had to work as field hands. How did enslaved people create a community and a culture that allowed them to survive in an oppressive society? The fact that the enslaved people never forgot to fight for their freedom allowed them to establish a community and a culture in that harsh society. Because they were under white rule, the enslaved people developed a culture that was somewhat independent. They continued to practice their own music, dancing, a form of worship, and use of medicines at that time. The slave culture also started to play a significant part in America

as the black population began to outweigh the white population. Additionally, a large number of African slaves had families in America. Both American and African traditions affected their offspring. Identify the different types of resistance to slavery . Which ones were the most common, the most effective, and the most demonstrative? The book describes "silent sabotage" as one of the most prevalent forms of opposition to slavery, which included things like "performing poor work, damaging tools, harming animals, and in other ways interrupting plantation routine." Theft of food was another kind of resistance that was so prevalent that it was identified by a southern doctor as a blacks-only genetic sickness. They occasionally committed bigger crimes as well. Chapter 12 How did the utopian communities challenge existing ideas about property and marriage? The utopian communities challenged traditional ideas of property and marriage by outright forbidding men and women from having sex. Other utopian communities permit residents to switch partners at any time, and the end of private property must be linked with the end of men's property in women. How did the supporters and opponents of temperance understand the meaning of freedom differently? Because they believed that outlawing alcohol would solve a variety of issues in the United States, advocates and critics of sobriety had different ideas about what freedom meant. Additionally, it provides a chance to boost competition for financial gain and personal growth. What were the similarities and differences between the common school and institutions like asylums, orphanages, and prisons that were created by reformers? The similarities and differences between the common school and institutions that were founded by reformers like asylums, prisons, and orphanages are that both had the same goal in mind: to transform people into free, morally upright citizens who could be shared with communitarians and religious people of faith and become productive citizens as well. Common schools and institutions were available to all kids and provided free education for anyone. But in aslyums patients receive short-term care and attention whereas in common school students received more of a long term education. Why did so many prominent white Americans, from both the North and South, support the colonization of freed slaves? Many colonizationists thought that even after black people were emancipated and allowed to enter the country, they would never be treated equally since slavery and racism were so ingrained in American culture. Northerners supported colonization of freed blacks because they thought it was the only solution at the time to rid America of slavery. African Americans demanded equal rights, so white Americans pushed them to

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