his 201 1-4 questions

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201

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History

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Apr 3, 2024

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docx

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Chapter 1 questions what roles did gender play in the organization of African societies? Both sexes shared agricultural duties. Men hunted, managed livestock, and did most of the fishing. Women were responsible for childcare, food preparation, manufacturing, and trade. Male political and religious leaders governed men, and females ruled women every male official had his female counterpart in the Dahomean Kingdom. Both women and men served as heads of the cults and secret societies that directed the spiritual life of villages. West African women rarely held formal power over men. What was the Columbian exchange? A broad mutual transfer of diseases, plants, and animals resulted directly from the European voyages of the 15th and 16th centuries and Spanish colonization. What were the Columbian exchange's consequences for the peoples on both sides of the Atlantic? Diseases carried West from Europe and Africa had a devastating impact on the Americans. Natives fell victim to microbes that had long infested other continents and had repeatedly killed hundreds and thousands that had often left survivors with a measure of immunity. Measles typhus influenza malaria and other illnesses afflicted the natives and the greatest of the new infectious killers was smallpox which spread to the natives. The Europeans contracted syphilis and via herpes during the Columbian exchange. Although it is not as dangerous as smallpox, syphilis can be debilitating. Chapter 2 questions What economic developments emerged in the early European settlements in North America? The economic developments in the early European American settlement were beaver pelts, farming, livestock, tobacco, fur trading, fishing, and sugar. How did the Spanish and the French interact with the Native populations? The Spanish interacted with the Natives through torture, murder, and rape, to get supplies. Then they enslaved the Natives who fought back. The French tried to convert Natives and were a lot less aggressive compared to the Spanish. They learned the Native languages. How did the demographic patterns and religious experiences of settlers in New England differ from those of the Chesapeake? The settlers of the Chesapeake were made mostly of young men and Catholics. Anglicanism had insignificant impact on Chesapeake. Whereas New England was made mostly of older men or women and Puritans. It was deeply impacted by Anglicanism. CHAPTER 3 QUESTIONS Why did conflict emerge between European powers and Native American peoples in the 1670s? In Canada, Native groups fought over the fur trade, this led the French stepping in and helping the Hurons fight the Iroquois. In North America, the Pueblo people wanted to be free from the Spaniards. Also, New England and Virginia settlers started to invade Native lands. What were the similarities and differences among African slave labor in the Chesapeake, the Carolinas, and Northern colonies? The similarities in African slave labor across the Chesapeake, Carolinas, and Northern colonies were most of the colony's labor dependency on slaves, slaves were mostly used for farm work. Hindering the making of African families and gave them harsh punishments. The differences in African slave labor across the Chesapeake, Carolinas, and Northern colonies where slaves did different jobs, they were enslaved and exploited in diverse ways. In only South Carolina, slaves gave their children African names

and developed a dialect that was a mix between English and African languages. It was the only place where African skills were passed down to the next generation. What internal and external issues threatened to destabilize Britain's American colonies? The internal issues that threatened to destabilize Britain's American colonies were positions of power being switched out. The fighting over settlements in Maine, also the witch trials in Massachusetts. The external issues that threatened to destabilize Britain's American colonies were the Nine Years' War, the king levying taxes without parliament's approval, the creation of the Board of Trade and Plantations, the creation of the English Bill of Rights, and the monarchs changing. CHAPTER 4 QUESTIONS How did enslaved African Americans resist and ameliorate their bondage through family roles? Recently arrived Africans stole boats to try to return home or ran off in groups to frontier regions to join native communities or established independent communities. Families would find comfort in the Bible’s promise that all would be free and equal in heaven. But in the South, the planters soon learned that slaves loved their families dearly and no one would run away from one another, so families were kept together. African families who had lived on the same plantation for several generations helped to ameliorate the uncertainties of existence under slavery. How did the 18th-century religious revivals affect the practice of religion? Revivalist had two important meanings. It meant a “born-again” experience that transformed individuals spiritually and personally. This great awakening swept over British America. Sinners could attain salvation and only by recognizing their depraved nature and surrendering completely to God. Both sexes experienced an immensely emotional release from sin which came to be seen as the movement of conversation of a new birth. How did 18 th -century religious revivals contribute to new ideas and practices within society? The new religious revivals were not accepted by the current religion the revived religion filled the churches and it was a challenge because everyone else disliked that dozens of females exhorted would take to the streets and pulpits to proclaim their right and even duty to expound God's word. All lights which were orthodox clerics and their followers engaged in bitter disputes with new lights which were the evangelicals. The awakening challenged traditional modes of thought and offered a spiritual variant of the choice colonists found in the world of goods. Revivalists emphasized emotion over learning and undermined received wisdom about society, politics, and religion.

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