module 3 hist_phil of gn spcl Education
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School
Touro College *
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Course
650
Subject
History
Date
Jan 9, 2024
Type
Pages
3
Uploaded by HighnessScience405
1.
According to the texts, what was the purpose of schooling in the
nineteenth-century United States?
The United States expanded rapidly during the nineteenth-century with expansion of
land, rise in population, improved transportation and growth of factories. The United States
needed more people to produce goods at a faster rate. With economic development during the
nineteenth century “schooling became an increasingly significant social issue”( Rury, 2020,
p.90). Rather than focusing on specific trades, as seen in the past, fewer children attended school.
If they did, it was to focus on the fundamentals needed to work in factories. A main purpose of
schooling in the early nineteenth-century was to introduce children to basic educational concepts
such as numbers, reading and respect for authority, for the purpose of transitioning into the
workforce. Rury(2020) states that “schooling focused on cultivating habits of industriousness
and responsibility, along with basic literacy, numbers, and other traditional subjects” (p.90).
Education during this time was not intended to take the needs of children or young adults into
account. Additionally the schooling system was not equal, it separated genders, race, age and
economic class. Toward the end of the 19th century, the idea of high school and secondary
education came into existence which would be made for middle and high class young adults who
excelled in grammar school and could afford to further their education. This was to create more
teachers and build more elite educational institutions.
2.
According to the texts, how did capitalism and Protestantism influence the
development of public schools in the United States?
The influence of Protestantism in the development of public schools in the United States can be
seen in the education systems’ teaching on respect for authority, prosperity and discipline. The
influence of capitalism is directly tied to Protestant influences in the foundation for education,
which were described as learning trades and becoming literate. These schools later turned into
schools for generalized education. Generalized education was taught to give children the
knowledge needed for their transition into the workforce. Capitalism influenced public schools
by creating a new goal, to contribute to the United States society and economy. Weber (1958)
stated “it was the power of religious influence, not alone, but more than anything else, which
created the differences of which we are conscious to-day (p. 57). Weber believed that the
Protestants played an important part in that time period's economic growth and education
because of their religious influence, which capitalism later depended on.
3.
According to the texts, how did Robert Owen’s utopian, communitarian education
theories differ from prevailing nineteenth-century views about education?
Robert Owen’s utopian, communitarian education theories differ from prevailing
nineteenth-century views about education in that Owen believed that all children deserved to
receive education, no matter their families economic status. Owen was for free and equal
education while education in the nineteenth-century was for wealthier families that could afford
to send their children to school. He believed children should be given education to learn and
flourish. In Owens’ theory “education was the remedy” to improve women and childrens
situations and lives (Gutek, 2011, p. 249). Owen also believed that individuals had no control
over their behaviors because “ they had no control over their origins or their early childhood
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