CJ-205 Module Five Practice Activity
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Southern New Hampshire University *
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CJ-205
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History
Date
Jan 9, 2024
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docx
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5
Uploaded by ConstableCloverHamster5
CJ 205 Module Five Practice Activity Template
History of Policing in America
American Policing:
The Colonial Experience
American Policing:
Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries
American Policing:
Twentieth and Twenty-First Centuries
The North: The Watch
Community members who worked to be a part of
the “watchman” and their main responsibility was
to
send out alerts of immediate danger. Three cities
Boston in 1636, New York in 1658, and Philadelphia
in 1700, established the night watch. Although the
watch was allegedly voluntary, many of the
"volunteers" ended up being volunteers who were.
being forced into duty by their towns or who were
keeping watch as a means of punishment”
(Potter,2013).
The Urban Experience
metropolita
n
experience
was both
ruthless
and
degenerate.
Law
authorizatio
Policing from 1900 to 1960
1900: New beginning of a new police system. Officers
patrolled the neighborhoods they lived in on foot.
August Vollmer, “the father of modern policing”
made sure police went to college and created a
different system for juveniles (Olito,2021).
1920: J. Edgar Hoover created the FBI. Hoover
ensured that neighborhood police were tackling
street crime. As officers patrolled areas by car under
this new arrangement (Olito,2021).
1960: African Americans began to challenge the way
police treated them with riots, buycotts, and protests;
in return police used rough tactics to keep order with
tear gas, high pressure water hoses, and attack dogs
(Olito,2021).
American Policing:
The Colonial Experience
American Policing:
Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries
American Policing:
Twentieth and Twenty-First Centuries
n was given
social
assistance
wo
the Urban experience was both chaotic and
challenging for everyone involved. For
example,
there has been an increase in urban crimes,
migrant population has also increased. the
increase of racial tension and violence.
Conflicts
among blacks and police have substantially
lowered the efficiency of the police in urban
areas (
Police on the Urban Frontier - A Guide to
Community Understanding | Office of Justice
Programs
, n.d.).
The South: Slave Patrols and Codes
The Southern Experience
Policing in the 1960s and 1970s
American Policing:
The Colonial Experience
American Policing:
Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries
American Policing:
Twentieth and Twenty-First Centuries
The slave patrols were made up of civilians who
monitored slave activity as part of their civic duty in
exchange for reimbursement, benefits, or
exemptions from other duties. The sole function of
the slave patrols was to enforce colonial and state
laws (Southern Slave Patrols as a Transitional Police
Type | Office of Justice Programs, n.d.)
The growth of American policing took a
different course in the Southern states. The
"Slave Patrol" served as a model for the
modern South Carolina police force. In the
Carolina colonies. These vigilante-style groups
emerged from modern Southern police
departments after the Civil War. They were
primarily used to enforce "Jim Crow"
segregation laws, which were meant to deny
freed slaves equal rights and access to the
political system (Potter, 2013).
In the 1960s, in a society that denied black people
equal justice, the police became symbolic of that
system. Almost every American city saw racial unrest
after police actions (
Policing the Social Crises of the
1960s
, n.d.). To enhance relations between the police
and residents of racial minorities, some police
departments established police-community relations
programs. Second, departments started affirmative
action initiatives to hire and promote more women
and people of color. Third, to lessen racial inequities
in police shootings, some large metropolitan police
departments created written protocols for the use of
lethal force (
Policing the Social Crises of the 1960s
,
n.d.).
No response required
The Frontier Experience
“In the late 18th and early 19th centuries, a
new variation of the Saxon practice of
frankpledge called the vigilante emerged in the
frontier areas of the United States. It was
common for residents (also referred to as
"regulators") to form "committees of vigilance"
in areas where a formal justice system had not
yet been established or where the primitive
policing apparatus had proven ineffective in
the face of rampant crime. These groups
worked to combat crime and establish order
where none had previously existed”
(Britannica, 2019).
Policing in the 1980s and 1990s
crime rates were at an all-time high due to racial
discrimination. This was also the start of the war on
drugs, police officers trying to get drugs off the
streets.
No response required
No response required
Policing in the 2000s
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