Epidemiological Study Design

.docx

School

Grand Canyon University *

*We aren’t endorsed by this school

Course

380

Subject

Industrial Engineering

Date

Feb 20, 2024

Type

docx

Pages

Uploaded by JusticeKouprey7800

1 Epidemiological Study Design: Clinical Trial or Cohort Jaquanna Hernandez Grand Canyon University PUB 380: Epidemiological Research Design and Methods Professor Jovan Rozar July 2, 2023

2 Epidemiological Study Design: Clinical Trial or Cohort Epidemiological study designs help researchers identify relationships between exposure to a disease and the outcomes of a disease. Cohort study designs investigate the incidences of a specific disease over a period of time. There are different variations to cohort studies, this includes exposure based cohort, retrospective cohort, population based cohort and prospective cohort. Exposure based cohorts compare two groups that have or do not present with disease (Friis, 2017). Retrospective cohort study uses historical data to investigate the exposure level at a baseline in the past. Population based cohort uses information from a specific portion of the population or the entire population. Prospective cohort study uses subjects according to their exposure to a factor of interest. These subjects are then observed for a period of time to document incidences of specific disease or health events. Some strengths of this study design is the timeline, being able to observe multiple measures, accuracy and time. Some weaknesses for this study is the time that it takes to gather the information, individuals dropping out due to how long the study can take and the potential for biases. Clinical trials evaluate the effectiveness and safety of a test regimen being administered to individuals. There are three phases in which clinical trials are conducted. The first phase consists of getting individuals involved. The next phase is to evaluate the group that received the form of treatment immune response. The last phase would be a study that involves randomization between control conditions and the participants. Some strengths that clinical trials present minimize the effect of confounding and they are able to detect small to moderate effects that are important to the trial. Some weaknesses that clinical trials present is that they are time consuming, trials are lengthy which may have individuals drop out and the cost of these are expensive. Vaping has long term impacts on one's

3 health. Let's determine which study design will discuss the long term impacts vaping has, the dependent/independent variables and the confounding factors. Vaping and Long Term Impacts Vaping is this when it comes to our youth and young adults. Vapor happens as the individual inhales the substance from the electronic cigarette. The oil based product contains cannabis, nicotine and just simple flavors (Douglas et al., 2020). These electronic cigarettes come in many different shapes, sizes and colors that attract the buyers. The liquid for these vape have been known to showcase the chemicals used to create the variety of flavors, nicotine and solvent carriers. However when it comes to the toxins, carcinogens and ultrafine particles not much is mentioned. All the toxins that go unmentioned cause adverse health effects. A harmful effect that individuals may encounter from vaping is pulmonary issues. When aerosol that has been emanated from an electronic cigarette is inhaled in and out of the lungs health issues will arise. According to Douglas et al (2020), young adults show signs of increased asthma exacerbation and individuals who have been exposed by secondhand smoke had an increase in asthma attacks. For this topic a cohort study design is most accurate for this topic as it will allow researchers to gather data based on exposure to the factor or to use historical data to investigate the level of exposure. Individuals who consume vapor from electronic cigarettes are likely to develop pulmonary issues that may not be reversible. Recruitment/Participants Individuals who use any form of electronic cigarettes would be considered for this study. Researchers would go to stores and smoke shops who sell electronic cigarettes and talk about the study and get consent from the individuals who would like to participate. The study would be conducted for a 3 year period with 100 individuals ranging from 18-40 years of age. One group

Your preview ends here

Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version

Access to all documents
Unlimited textbook solutions
24/7 expert homework help