Homework 3 Control Surveys Jacoby Langlois

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Salt Lake Community College *

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1110

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Industrial Engineering

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Apr 3, 2024

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docx

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Jacoby Langlois Control Surveys Homework 3 9-24-23 Adjustment Computations Chapter 2 Problems: 2.2- (a) Range= 186.500-186.489= 186.011 (b) Mean= 186.495 (c) Median= 186.498+186.489/2= 186.493 (d) Mode= 186.498 2.4- (a) Largest discrepancy in the data= 8.3 (b) Mean= 28.02 (c) Median= 27.4 (d) Mode= 27.4 2.6- (a) What is the mean of the data set= 48.4468 (b) Construct a frequency histogram of the data using seven uniform-width class intervals. (c) What are the variance and standard deviation of the data= 0.4565 (d) What is the standard deviation of the mean= 0.0806 2.8- (a) What are the mean, median, and standard deviation of the data= 200.01307, 200.014, 0.003384 (b) Construct a histogram of the data with seven intervals and describe its properties. On the histogram lay off the sample standard deviation from both sides of the mean.

(c) How many observations are between y ± S, and what percentage of observations does this represent= 70.37% 2.14- Mean= 536.198 Median= 536.2005 Mode= 536.202 Variance= 3.554x10-5 Standard deviation= 0.00596 2.16- (a) What are the means and variances of both data sets= Mean= 108 degrees 26’8.3” Variance= 1.62183x10-10 (b) Construct a histogram of each data set using a 3 class width. ′′ (c) Which student performed the best in this situation= Student A From the discussion in Chapter 5 of the Text Elementary Surveying, write 4-5 paragraphs that explain in your own words what are the sources of error in Leveling. Survey leveling is a technique used to determine the elevation of points on the Earth's surface. However, like any measurement process, survey leveling is susceptible to errors that can affect the accuracy of the results. One source of error in survey leveling is instrument error. This can include imperfections in the leveling instrument, such as misalignment or incorrect calibration, which can lead to inaccurate readings. To minimize this error, regular maintenance and calibration of the leveling instrument are essential. Another significant source of error in survey leveling is atmospheric conditions. Variations in temperature, pressure, and humidity can affect the density of the air, which in turn affects the path of light through the leveling instrument. These variations can lead to refraction, where the light rays deviate from their original path, resulting in incorrect measurements. To mitigate this error, surveyors often use correction factors based on atmospheric conditions to account for the refraction.

Natural topographic features also pose a challenge in survey leveling. Uneven surfaces, slopes, and obstructions like trees or buildings can introduce errors in the readings. These elements can cause the leveling rod to be tilted or obstructed, leading to inaccurate measurements. Surveyors must carefully choose their surveying locations and take additional precautions, such as using shorter leveling sections or employing methods like differential leveling, to reduce these errors. Lastly, human error can never be entirely eliminated. Survey leveling requires careful and precise measurements, and mistakes made during the process can introduce errors. These errors can include misreading the leveling rod, misidentifying benchmark locations, or errors in recording data. To minimize human error, it is essential for surveyors to undergo rigorous training, follow standardized procedures, and double-check their measurements and calculations. Elementary Surveying 5.17- Misclosure Error is -0.010m and bench mark at manhole is 649.169m 5.19- This value is same as true elevation difference. The reading is correct. 5.21- The allowable difference= 16.7m 5.23- The elevation of x is 2259.694m 5.25- 543.221ft 5.27- The distance levelled is 719.026 ft 5.29- Page Check= 889.41ft and the misclosure is 5.64ft 5.31- The percentage grade between two stations 11+00 and 16+00 is 2% 5.33- The adjusted elevation of W is 866.546ft

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