Hung_Nguyen_HA4

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Feb 20, 2024

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Hung Nguyen 1. What is Linux? Linux is an open-source OS. This simply means that the operating system source code is visible publicly and editable. It was first released on September 17, 1991, by Linus Torvalds. 2. Describe the components of the Linux Operating system. Kernel : It is responsible for maintaining all the important abstractions of the OS including things like virtual memory and processes. In another word, kernel manages and interacts with hardware and provides abstraction, low level complexities hidden from user and application programs. System Libraries : It defines a standard set of functions through which applications can interact with the kernel. These functions implement much of the operating-system functionality that does not need the full privileges of kernel code. System Utilities : The system utilities are programs that perform individual, specialized management tasks. 3. What are the main features of the Linux Operating system? Portable – Linux kernel and application programs are platform independent and can be run on any hardware platform. Open Source Multi-User – Multiple users can access the system resources like the memory, application programs, and RAM simultaneously. Multiprogramming – Multiple applications can be run at the same time. Hierarchical File System – Linux provides a hierarchical file structure in which system files and user files are arranged in a hierarchical manner. Shell – It is a special interpreter provided by the Linux to execute the commands of the operating system. Security – It provides user security with authentication features such as password protection, controlled access, and data encryption. 4. Describe the Architecture of the Linux OS. Utilities – It provides functionalities of the operating system to the user. Shell – It provides the interface to the Kernel. Shell takes the command from the user and execute. It hides the complexity of the Kernel functions from the user Kernel – It interacts directly with the hardware which provides low level services to the upper layer components in the architecture. Hardware – It consists of all the peripheral devices like RAM/HDD/CPU.
Hung Nguyen 5. What are the benefits of multithreading? Multithreading is the ability of an operating system to support multiple, concurrent paths of execution within a single process. The benefit of using multithreading includes responsiveness. It simply means that it allows a program to continue running even if a part of it is blocked or is performing a lengthy operation, thereby increasing responsiveness to the user. Moreover, another benefit of multithreading is efficiently increased with multiprocessor architecture where each thread might run in parallel on a different processor. Also, other benefits may include efficient communication. 6. Why use threads? Threads are the smallest sequence of programming instructions that can be managed independently by a scheduler. A process with multiple threads can perform several tasks simultaneously. This simply means that threads are an optimization to avoid many transitions or too much communication between memory spaces. In a process, threads are typically used for dividing a task into a number of tasks, which can run independently and can share data as well.
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