EXAM 2 (1) (1)
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Jan 9, 2024
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EXAM 2
NAME;
1. Which of the following best characterizes the concept of Acta Jure Gestionis?
a) Actions performed by a state in the exercise of monetary policy and maritime access
b) Commercial or proprietary activities undertaken by a state in a manner similar to private
entities.
c) Acts conducted by state officials within the domestic territory, regardless of their nature.
d) Violations of human rights committed by a state outside its borders.
2. Which of the following is found in the UNCLOS Conventions?
a) Rules regarding the maximum allowable size of cruise ships.
b) Rules regarding how nations may handle disputes if their ships collide on the high seas
c) Rules regarding the use of submarines to explore ancient shipwrecks
d) Rules regarding the color of uniforms to be worn by stevedores when unloading ships
3.
Which of the following statements best defines the concept of "Flags of Convenience" in the
maritime context?
a) It refers to the practice of ships sailing under the flag of a country other than their own, often
chosen for regulatory or economic advantages.
b) It signifies the tradition of vessels displaying flags during diplomatic negotiations for peaceful
resolution of disputes.
c) It denotes the practice of ships flying multiple flags as a symbol of unity and collaboration between
different maritime nations.
d) It represents the use of specific flags to indicate a vessel's compliance with environmental protection
standards.
4. When considering the duty to render assistance to ships in distress under international maritime
law, which principle is most accurately reflected?
a) States are obligated to provide assistance only to vessels flying their own flag.
b) The obligation to render assistance applies to all ships without regard to their flag, nationality, or
circumstances.
c) Assistance to ships in distress is solely the responsibility of the flag state and does not involve other
coastal or neighboring states.
d) Rendering assistance to ships in distress is discretionary, and states are not legally bound to
provide aid.
NAME;
5. According to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), what
characterizes the right of innocent passage in territorial waters?
a) It grants ships the right to engage in any activity, including military exercises and surveillance, without
notifying the coastal state.
b) It allows for the continuous and expeditious passage of foreign ships through territorial waters,
subject to compliance with navigation and safety regulations.
c) Innocent passage is restricted to merchant vessels, and naval ships are prohibited from exercising this
right.
d) The right of innocent passage is automatically granted to all ships, and no prior notification, running
lights, or authorization is required from the coastal state.
6.
According to the Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and
Use of Outer Space, including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies (Outer Space Treaty), which
principle emphasizes international cooperation in space exploration?
a) States have the right to use outer space for peaceful purposes and are prohibited from placing
weapons of mass destruction in orbit.
b) Outer space exploration is the exclusive domain of technologically advanced nations, and cooperation
is discouraged.
c) States have the right to exploit outer space resources without regard to international collaboration.
d) All space activities must be directed for the benefit of all countries, and outer space shall be free
for exploration and use by all states.
7. Which of the following best describes a key provision of the Outer Space Treaty?
a) The treaty prohibits all militaries from placing objects in outer space.
b) Military activities in outer space are allowed, but states must notify the United State Space Force prior
to launch.
c) The treaty prohibits the placement of nuclear weapons or other weapons of mass destruction in
orbit around Earth.
d) States are free to establish military bases in outer space, but they must be located on uninhabited
planets
NAME;
8. Which of the following statements best captures the primary distinction between jus ad bellum
and jus in bello in the context of just war theory?
a) Jus ad bellum governs the conduct of parties going to war, while jus in bello deals with the
parties once they are engaged in war.
b) Jus ad bellum focuses on the ethical principles guiding the initiation of war, while jus in bello
addresses the ethical rules governing the conduct of war once it has begun.
c) Jus ad bellum is concerned with the rights of individuals during peacetime, while jus in bello regulates
the rights of nations to compete in the global trade.
d) Jus ad bellum and jus in bello are interchangeable terms referring to the same set of principles
governing the morality of warfare.
9. What is the primary distinction between the Hague Conventions and the Geneva Conventions?
a) The Hague Conventions primarily address the treatment of prisoners of war, while the Geneva
Conventions focus on the protection of civilians and non-combatants.
b) The Hague Conventions pertain to the rules of warfare and the conduct of hostilities, whereas the
Geneva Conventions specifically concern the protection of individuals in times of armed conflict.
c) The Geneva Conventions exclusively apply to conflicts between states, while the Hague Conventions
extend to both international and non-international armed conflicts.
d) The Hague Conventions focus on the establishment of international tribunals for war crimes, while the
Geneva Conventions deal with the prohibition of specific weapons.
10. In what way did the Leipzig Trials contribute to the development of international law and the
prosecution of war crimes?
a) The Leipzig Trials established the principle of individual criminal responsibility for planning and
executing aggressive wars, influencing subsequent international criminal law developments.
b) The Leipzig Trials introduced the concept of amnesty for certain war criminals in exchange for
valuable information, setting a precedent for future war crime tribunals.
c) The Leipzig Trials were notable for their emphasis on collective responsibility, holding entire military
units accountable for the actions of individual soldiers.
d) Leipzig Trials played a key role in shaping the legal framework for the protection of human rights
during armed conflicts, setting a precedent for subsequent international treaties.
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