Chapter 1 Review

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Utah State University *

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Linguistics

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Feb 20, 2024

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docx

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Emma Sheid | Chapter 1 Review 1. Too many people in the world are without food. We need a solution to the global food-shortage problem. Try to reason through a solution to this problem without using language. Is it possible? Can an individual engage in complex reasoning without language? (Hint: I am using world hunger as an example of a complex problem.   You don't need to research world hunger.  What I am basically asking is .... can you solve a problem like this without language?).      I do not think that it is possible to solve a problem so large without language. Even before trying to share your ideas with others, it would still be difficult to generate an idea within your own mind. Although your mind is able to process images, there would be no words to comprehend your ideas. Trying to explain something to other people without a shared language and with only a few images would be impossible. 2. Explain the difference between speech and language? Language is a structure; it has its own rules and functions that we use to communicate our thoughts and feelings to others. Once this system is in place, we can then use our speech to communicate. Speech is our ability to use our learned language and turn it into sounds that are able to be processed by a receiver. Language is a rule book and speech is a neuromuscular process. 3. Effective communication requires a sender, a receiver, and a shared symbolic system. Think of two or three examples in which you had difficulty communicating with someone—where and why did the difficulty occur? How did you resolve it?                 One common example is when I am having a conversation with someone over the phone and either one of us has a poor connection. Although we are both speaking clearly, the medium we are using is chopping up our words and making it more difficult to understand each other. Another example is when dialect is included to the mix. When speaking with other people from the east coast, it can be difficult to interpret what each person is saying due to our dialect.
4. Fewer children are raised bilingually in the United States than in a number of other countries. Why? Why might this trend change in the future? I think there are a few reasons why the United States fails to include many immersion programs. English was forced upon many migrants; our grandmas and grandpas were greatly discouraged from using their native language. A great example are the boarding schools that the Navajo nation were being placed in for school. Different forms of punishment were included to make sure that the Navajo children were only using English instead of their native language. Another reason could be the proximity from country to country in other areas of the world. Europe is relatively close to other countries that speak different languages, which would encourage the learning of English and nearby languages. I don’t think this trend will be quickly changing. As a third-generation student of Mexican migrants, I was never taught to speak Spanish even though I grew up in a border town. Immersion programs will need to be widely accepted and funded if we want to see a successful change in our bilingualism across the nation. 5. Young children who participate in many conversations at home have better language skills than children who participate in few conversations. Explain why there may be differences in the conversational opportunities’ children experience. Children’s acquisition rates are incredibly high, they are able to learn and interpret language at such a quick rate. During the critical period of a child’s life, it is incredibly important to expose them to as much language and diversity as possible because it is much easier for them to understand and pick up. If a child does not have this exposure, their internal dictionary will not be as large as other children who have more conversations within their environment. For example, if a child is homeschooled, much of their interactions are within the home. The exposure to a child who is in a larger environment will be much larger than the child with the smaller environment.
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