Evidence Based Practice 3500

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Utah State University *

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3500

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Linguistics

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Oct 30, 2023

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docx

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1 Evidence Based Practice Hannah N. Kalehuawehe Utah State University COMD 3500: Phonetics and Phonological Development Dr. Sonia Manuel-Dupont October 4, 2023

2 Speech development in children varies with age, and speech intelligibility is crucial, regardless of age. Girls typically develop speech earlier than boys (Barber, 2010). Speech-Language Pathologists have studies when children should be able to produce specific sounds. By age 3, children should be able to say sounds like /h/, /w/, /m/, /n/, /b/, /p/, and /f/. By age 4, sounds such as /d/, /t/, /k/, /g/, /y/, and /ng/ should be clear. At 6, they may still have trouble with /r/, /s/, /z/, and /th/, but they should be improving on /l/, /v/, /sh/, /ch/, and /j/. By 8-9 years, children should articulate all sounds accurately, including /r/, /s/, /z/, /th/, and /TH/. Although some kids outgrow articulation errors, severe and persistent errors pose a lower chance of natural resolution, especially if there’s a history of speech issues. Ongoing speech error patterns beyond the expected age indicate a phonological process disorder.

3 Table 1 What Sounds a Child Should Be Able to Make by A Certain Age AGE BIRTH – 3 MONTHS -Cooing sounds -Cries differently for different needs 4-6 MONTHS -Coos and babbles -Makes sounds like pa, ba, and mi -Giggles and laughs 7 MONTHS – 1 YEAR -Strings sounds together like mimi, upup, and babababa -Imitates speech sounds -Says 1 or 2 words like hi, dog, dada, mama, but sounds may not be clear 1-2 YEARS -Uses a lot of new words -Uses /p/, /b/, /m/, /h/, and /w/ in words -Asks “What’s that?” -Puts two words together 2-3 YEARS -Uses /k/, /g/, /f/, /t/, /d/, and /n/ in words -Talks about things not in the room -Puts three words together -Can use words like in, on, and under 3-4 YEARS -Answers simple questions -Rhyming words -Puts four words together -Most people understand the child

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