Abstract Article
pdf
School
College of DuPage *
*We aren’t endorsed by this school
Course
0491
Subject
Linguistics
Date
Dec 6, 2023
Type
Pages
6
Uploaded by ElderOyster2862
Luí Gallardo
10/16/22
Abstract Assignment
Czarnik, Karen- CDSI-204-01
CITATION:
Write the citation for this article using APA format, as it would appear in the reference list of a paper.
Rost, G.C & McGregor, KK (2012). Miranda Rights Comprehension In Young Adults with Specific
Language impairments. American Journal of Speech Language Pathology 21. 101-108. doi
10./044/1058-0300 (201/10-0094)
INTRODUCTION:
●
Purpose: What is/are the authors’ research question(s)?
○
The purpose of this study was to determine if citizens with language impairments
understand legal rights as shown through the Miranda Warning.
○
Based on the article, the researchers are trying to see if those with language
impairments understand their legal rights. In the article, the studies were conducted
to analyze and determine if those who have language impairments can comprehend
Miranda Rights
■
The Miranda Rights are a type of warning given by the police (primarly
officers) to criminal suspects who are in police custody. The rights advise
them of their right to silence, in which anything they say can be held against
them in court. It protects them of self-incrimination, and the rights remind
them of their legal rights in court (like how citizens are allowed an
attourney, and if they can’t afford one a public defendant will be available).
■
These rights are given vocally by the officer within most (if not all)
situations involving criminal activity or investigations.
○
MAIN QUESTION: Are those with language impairments able to fully comprehend
and apply the Miranda rights? (obviously within a situation involving these concepts
and communication).
■
In addition to this, the researched are trying to concluded how the
comprehension of Miranda Rights can impact those who deal with language
impairments socially
●
Rationale: Why are the questions important?
○
Those who struggle with language impairments may not be able to understand the
rights that are presented to them in a scenario involving officers or legal
circumstances. This can cause several issues, and a person with a language
impairment can struggle with dealing with the legal system. People with language
impairments often struggle with comprehending . As mentioned throughout the
article, there is a high level of representation of those who deal with language
impairments in prison communities. With the information presented about language
impairments in co-relation to prisons, there is a possible link to language
impairments and incarceration.
○
In addition, those who deal with speech and language impairments can feel pressure,
nervousness, and anxiety when dealing with situations that involve oral
communication. Due to this nervouness, those with language impairments can feel
paincked and pressured when dealing with situations, especially intense situations
with individuals LIKE police officers.
○
The knowledge and education of police officers and the speech conditions of an
individual have an impact on the way a situation is handled. Avoidance behavior
may also impact both their communication and the response of the officers during
said confrontation.
PARTICIPANTS:
●
How many?
○
In total, there were 34 participants who participated in this study.
●
Age and Gender?
○
The age of the participants was between the ages of 18-35. In total, there were 16
male and 18 female participants.
●
Did the authors divide participants into groups?
○
The authors did divide each patient into groups (yes).
●
If yes, what were the groups, and how did the researchers divide the participants into
groups?
○
The groups were divided based on the conditions displayed by the participants.
■
17 (8 males, 9 females) were shown to have signs of TD (typical
development).
■
17 (8 males, 9 females) were shown to have signs of SLI. SLI is a
high-incidence developmental impairment that affects 7% of the population,
and is shown to have an impact on the way an individual comprehends
information. This can impact someone’s comprehension and language skills
in certain settings. This includes education, clinical, and social settings.
●
What other information about the participants is important to know, given the research
question? (e.g., time since injury/onset, severity of impairments, their abilities,
socioeconomic status, family support, etc.)
○
Besides any background information about SPL, the personal identification of each
person involved in the study was not revealed. While certain things like nonverbal
IQ was common for both groups, there are certain factors that were not shown
throught the article. Race, socioeconomic status, and the severity of each person’s
impairment was not necessarily shown entirely. However, there are a few key things
that stood out for this study. The way these people were recruited for the study was
unique, and they were all infomed via advertisements, letters, or through oral
communication at a college level. All of the participants were attending
postsecondary education at a university or community college.
PROCEDURES:
●
What did the participants and researchers actually do (i.e., what were the tasks) and how did
the researchers collect the data?
○
The researchers assessed each member of each group based on the comprehension
of Miranda rights using the Instruments for Assessing Understanding and
Appreciation of Miranda Rights (Grisso, 1998), which involves three subtests:
Comprehension of Miranda Rights, Comprehension of Miranda Vocabulary, and
Function of Rights in Interrogation. All three subtests are intended to measure
comprehension of Miranda Rights.
○
The subtests were based on a two-point system, with legal experts and specialists
analyzing each test. Participants are asked to re-word each four statements that are
typical of a Miranda warning. The Miranda Vocabulary subtest is based on
re-wording and defining vocabulary used in the Miranda Rights.
●
What was the independent variable(s) (IV)? Hint: This is often participant group (e.g.,
control vs. experimental; group A vs. group B.), experimental condition (e.g., treatment A
vs. treatment B, task A vs. task B, stimuli A vs. stimuli B), or time (e.g., before treatment vs.
after treatment, three times in development). It could also be some characteristics of the
participants (e.g., sex, age, grade). What were the dependent variables (DV)? Hint: These
are the “outcome” measures that the authors want to study. How did they measure each
dependant variable?
○
The independent variable is based on both the language skills and syntax of each
participant (Primarliy those with SLI).
■
For the SLI group, the participants have language impairments that can
impact comprehension. This, along with a struggle with syntax, may impact
the way they interpret the Miranda Rights for this study.
■
For the TD group, most of the participants have a developed understanding
of language and syntax. In this case, they won’t struggle too much with
interpreting the Miranda Rights.
○
The dependent variable consist of the participants ability to comprehend the
Miranda Rights and vocabulary during the study.
■
The main reason behind this study is to report the connection between
language impairments and the Miranda Rights (and whether or not those
with language impairments can understand said rights).
■
Participants in the TD group were also involved with this study, acting as an
opposing side during the tests.
○
Based on the study, the way they measured each dependant variable is based on the
scores collected from each test.
In addition to this, the researches then took the
scaled scores from five subtests (Word Opposites, Word Derivations, Word
Similarities, Sentence Combining, and Orthographic Usage) in order to produce a
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
- Access to all documents
- Unlimited textbook solutions
- 24/7 expert homework help
TOAL–4 score. The researches converted the scores into a chart to display their
findings.
RESULTS:
●
What did the researchers find?
●
There should be a result(s) or finding for each dependent variable.
■
The researchers found that language ability, and those who deal with
language impairments had an impact on the performance on the Miranda
Rights tests. This clearly was displayed through the results and the actual
context of the tests in which those who had an SLI struggled with
comprehending the rights itself.
■
As shown through the experimental group, individuals with SLI were
“significantly poorer than their peers with normal language at defining
Miranda vocabulary, and applying Miranda rights in hypothetical
situations.” (p.105-106)
■
While some individuals with SLI had an ability to comprehend Miranda
information, the test concludes that most individuals with SLI struggled to
comprehend their rights.
DISCUSSION:
●
Were the researchers able to satisfactorily answer their research question? The answer is not
a simple yes or no. Please explain:
○
With the points made in the article, the researchers were able to satisfy their research
question based on the results of the study, the main purpose of their research, and the
test assigned to the experimental group (those who have SLI and language
impairments). The tests assigned to the groups are based on both the Miranda
Rights, and the vocabulary and terms needed to understand the rights itself. While
the article does mention how those with language impairments struggled to
comprehend the rights (and why that’s a problem), the actual study does lack some
additional information that may impact the study. However, the researchers were
able to conclude that those with language impairments struggled to utilize the
Miranda Rights in multiple facets, and those struggles may lead to denial of rights.
●
Why are these findings important? Use your own words to summarize your thoughts and
those presented by the authors.
○
These findings are important because they expose a very real issue within the
criminal justice system. Those who have language impairments are most likely to
denied legal rights or be discriminated against due to their impairments (and their
struggle to comprehend their legal rights). It’s very clear that those who struggle
with language disorders can face unfair treatment in the legal system. that a
majority of inmates who make up the prison system present some form of a
language impairment. This article explains clearly that those dealing with speech
conditions may struggle to comprehend their rights, thus placing them in a serious
situation that could be very problematic.
YOUR CRITIQUE:
●
What are your concerns, thoughts, and criticisms of the study? Consider these questions….
●
Were there any important differences between groups, besides the experimental
variable (e.g., gender differences, age differences, socioeconomic differences, etc.)?
●
Can you think of any problems with how the authors designed the experimental
tasks or collected the data?
●
Do you have any concerns regarding how they measured the independent or
dependent variables? Do think the authors’ conclusions draw logically from the
results?
The study itself was impressive due to the fact that the results were able to answer the main
question behind the study. Not to mention that the results show a real issue that people with language
impairments might go through when dealing with the Miranda Rights. I thought it was good that the
two groups were separated based on speech condition, and I am pleased with the fact that the age and
gender of the participants was both equal and displayed.
I think the major problem with this study is the fact that certain factors are not analyzed in
the study. Besides certain information that was displayed in the article, we don’t have a clear
explanation of the individuals involved with the study. There wasn’t an explanation on the severity
of those who were tested on the Miranda Rights with an SLI. Due to the fact that we cannot view the
severity of each participant, the results from the study are not as valid. Speech and Language
impairments presents itself in different ways within different individuals. This study doesn’t cover or
explain the severity of each individual’s condition, nor does it explain the background of each
person. The main idea for this research was to see if individuals with SLI (or language impairments)
were able to comprehend the Miranda Rights, and the article does show that impairments do have an
impact on the way people. However, I think in collecting information for this study, the researchers
forgot to list other factors that could potentially affect the study as well.
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
- Access to all documents
- Unlimited textbook solutions
- 24/7 expert homework help