5203-Teaching Reading

Term Definition Concrete Words Words most children can recognize by sight (their name, Mom, Dad) Authentic Assessment Assessment Activities that reflect the actual workplace, family, community and school curriculum Assonance repetition of a vowel sound Grapheme a letter or number of letters that represent a sound Summative Assessment happens after learning and summarizes student progress at the end of a unit, semester, etc Promoting Reading Fluency use Sustained Silent Reading -- Round Robin Reading is no longer recommended Assessment Gathering data about an area of learning using tests, observations, work sample and other means. 3 Components of a Balanced Reading Program Reading to children, reading with children, reading by children What is the relationship between speech and print? The reader must learn the connections between approximately 44 sounds (phonemes) and the 26 letters of the alphabet. If the child hear sounds in spoken words, they will have problems decoding printed words. How do environmental print, pictures and symbols contribute to literacy development? They help form a bridge between what they know (picture) and what they are learning (print). I shows that letters form together to make words to describe the pictures they are seeing. It's another association for the student to draw from. What are some strategies for teaching letter recognition? • Matching upper case & lower case • Use sand, etc for letter formation • Letter bingo • Letter Stamps • Letter books • flash cards What is expository text? non-fiction text-- can be hard to read if students can't relate to what it is about or if it has difficult/unknown vocabulary in it. What is phonemic awareness? being about to separate spoken word cat into three distinct phonemes /k/ /ae/ /t/ What is phonics? a method of teaching people to read by correlating sounds with letters or groups of letters in an alphabetic writing system How do Oral Language and Reading Skills interrelate? language is the foundation of reading development & is strongly tied to growth in reading and writing. Language Study Stack - Reading Flash Cards Table Review http://www.studystack.com/PrintTable.jsp?studyStackId=1287494 1 of 45 2/10/2016 1:31 PM

is supported through verbal interactions and experiences with others. What are the stages of oral language development? •Cooing • babbling • one-word • telegraphic stage (utterance includes only content words with no conjunctions, articles, prepositions or word endings)• Beginning oral fluency How do environmental influences affect oral language development? children are spoken to and encouraged to respond. As they respond, they are rewarded and want to continue. This builds speech which builds language awareness. Describe language variations in the classroom dialectical differences, ESL speakers, Non-standard English What are the four language systems? Phonological, Syntactic, Semantic, Pragmatic Define Syntactic (language systems) (syntax) related to structure & grammar -- the study of the rules for the formation of grammatical sentences in a language. It studies the patterns of formation of sentences and phrases from words Define Semantic (language systems) related to meaning -- the meaning of a word, phrase, sentence or text. Define Pragmatic (language systems) leans upon detecting and appreciating motives, tones and situational nuances; therefore pragmatic cues are subtle to young readers who are limited in context and varied real-world experience. What are some appropriate techniques to assess students' oral language development? •Behaviors: volume & tone, takes turns, stays on topic, asks ?s, pays attention •Vocabulary: name colors, #s & objects, uses appropriate words, can retell parts or all of a story •Language Structure: complete sentences •Speech Sounds: clear & fluent What are ways that teachers can model the rules of Standard English while respecting regional and dialectal variations? model standard English and give students the skills to be successful in society by teaching them when to use standard English and when to use dialect 4 Strategies to increase students' awareness that print is speech written down. Language experience approach, shared writing, morning message, interactive writing Describe the language experience approach a method of teaching reading by having teachers write down words dictated by the students. This gives students the opportunity to read their own words which are familiar and meaningful to them. What is shared writing and how does it increase students' awareness that print is speech written down? The teacher and students compose text together, with both contributing their thoughts and ideas to the process. The teacher acts as the scribe. What is interactive writing? Students & teachers write to one another. Students choose the topic and length. Teachers respond without correcting or criticizing the spelling, grammar, etc. Instead, they model correct forms of writing. Focus is on Study Stack - Reading Flash Cards Table Review http://www.studystack.com/PrintTable.jsp?studyStackId=1287494 2 of 45 2/10/2016 1:31 PM

fluency not accuracy. What does directionality of print mean? Print moves left to right, top to bottom and front to back Describe one-to-one correspondence in relation to concepts of print Ability to match a number to an object or an object to an object. In the case of reading, children need to match the spoken word the the written word. EX: underlining the word with your finger as you read it. What are some environmental influences that affect students' development of print awareness? This is print seen and used in our everyday lives. Awareness is demonstrated when children recognize familiar symbols and words and display understanding. Why is it important for students to differentiate between words and spaces? They need to know that the space indicates a new word/though What is it important for students to differentiate between first and last letters? Because we read from left to right and so that they put the correct beginning sound with the correct ending sound. What is it important for students to differentiate between punctuation marks? They tell the meaning and the emphasis of the sentence. What is it important for students to differentiate between words and sentences? sentences are a bunch of words put together to form a thought or idea. What are some instructional strategies for teaching letter recognition? put letters on a flash card, talking about what the letter looks like, write the letter-say its name-trace the letter with finger How can students' print awareness be assessed? Ask students to identify: the parts of books, where to begin reading, first word, last word,punctuation, capital letters, lowercase letters, etc. What is emergent literacy? Literacy doesn't take place over night and is a process evolving and maturing over it. Being described as an emergent reader suggests that development of literacy is taking place within the child. What is the relationship between phonemic awareness and the development of decoding and encoding skills? Phonemic awareness gives the students the skills needed to decode a word (for reading) and to encode a word (for writing) by being able to break down the sounds heard into small chunks of letters. What is phonemic awareness? the ability to hear, identify, and manipulate individual sounds--phonemes--in spoken words. What are rimes? letters that come after the onset. The onset is the initial consonant sound or blend. In Bag, the rime is ag. What is the progression of phonics instruction? letter-sound correspondences, blends, digraphs, diphthongs, schwa sound What are the 6 blends? bl, dr, str, pl, sm, gr What are the 4 consonant digraphs? th, sh, wh, ch What are the 9 vowel digraphs? ea (sea), ee (feet), oa (boat), oo (moon) (book), aw (claw), ow (cow) (glow), ew (new), ou (cloud) Study Stack - Reading Flash Cards Table Review http://www.studystack.com/PrintTable.jsp?studyStackId=1287494 3 of 45 2/10/2016 1:31 PM

What is a dipthomg? both vowels form one syllable "a" and "i" in "rail" or "oy" in toy What is the Schwa sound? says "uh" Any vowel can make the schwa sound in some words. about, banana, was item travel family gallon another particular What are some strategies for reading and spelling multisyllabic words using meaningful units? morphemes, syllables, accenting principles What are morphemes? a meaningful unit of a language that cannot be further divided What are syllables? a unit of pronunciation having one vowel sound, with or without surrounding consonants, forming the whole or part of a word. What are accenting principles? the syllable with the louder stress is the accented syllable. The unstressed syllable usually takes the schwa sound. Often on the first syllable. Usually on the main root word (with suffixes or prefixes) What are ways to assess students' prior knowledge? KWL chart, Semantic Map What is a KWL chart? graphic organizer where students list what they already know, want to learn and ultimately learn. Three columns: Know, Want, Learned. Teachers can take these, assess where students are at the start and where they progress to by the end. What is a semantic Map? A way for students to organize their prior knowledge into these formal relations & provide themselves a basis for understanding what they're about to read. It prrovides a graphic structure of knowledge to be used as basis for organizing new ideas. What are some systematic, explicit instructions to develop comprehension skills? Directed Reading-Thinking Activity (DR-TA), Graphic Organizers What are graphic organizers? A chart or visual graphic that students fill in with info they are looking for, studying, using, etc. What are the 5 components of fluency? accuracy, appropriate pace, automaticity, and prosody What is prosody? In phonetics, the use of pitch, loudness, tempo, and rhythm in speech to convey information about the structure and meaning of an utterance What are some strategies to develop and improve fluency? •Repeated use of word lists, phrases and passages at appropriate instructional levels •modeling fluent reading •paired reading •echo reading •readers theater What are reading theaters? it involves students in reading, writing, listening and speaking activities where students read a script adapted from literature and then picture the action from hearing the script being read aloud. Study Stack - Reading Flash Cards Table Review http://www.studystack.com/PrintTable.jsp?studyStackId=1287494 4 of 45 2/10/2016 1:31 PM

What is echo reading? When a skilled reader reads a portion of text (sometimes just a sentence) while the less skilled reader "Tracks" What is paired reading? Students read aloud to each other. More fluent readers can be paired with less fluent readers or children who read at the same level can be paired to reread a story they have already red. What are informal methods of assessing reading fluency? What are formal methods of assessing reading fluency? What instructional techniques can be used to improve oral reading fluency? Read aloud to students Books on Tape Buddy Reading peer/paired reading echo reading readers theater What is the relationship between fluency and comprehension? If students struggle with fluency, they aren't as able to comprehend because they are more concerned with reading the words than with understanding what they are reading. What is the importance of providing a wide range of reading opportunities? What do you need for materials with rich contextual support for vocabulary development? Semantic Maps What is involved with word analysis? knowledge of root words, prefixes and suffixes and knowledge of etymology What is etymology? the study of the origin of words and the way in which their meanings have changed throughout history. Antonyms Words with opposite meanings Synonyms Words with similar meanings Homonyms Sound or look the same but have different meanings • bear and bare • wind and wind Describe the effect of grammatical functions and word forms on meaning. What are methods for assessing and monitoring vocabulary development? pre and post tests, gauging the level to which they know a word . . . never seen it, seen it but don't know it, have some knowledge of the word, are able to use the word and understand its nuances. How do common prefixes, suffixes and roots affect the meaning of English words? affixes affect the base's meaning. Common prefixes a morpheme added at the beginning of a word. Common suffixes a morpheme added at the end of a word Common root words Root word - the form of a word after all affixes are removed. Study Stack - Reading Flash Cards Table Review http://www.studystack.com/PrintTable.jsp?studyStackId=1287494 5 of 45 2/10/2016 1:31 PM