Annotated Bibliography 10

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Annotated Bibliography 10 Brielle West Chisolm‐Straker, Makini, Elizabeth Singer, Emily F. Rothman, Cindy Clesca, David R. Strong, George Loo, Jeremy Sze, James P D’Etienne, Naomi Alanis, and Lynne D. Richardson. “Building RAFT: Trafficking Screening Tool Derivation and Validation Methods.” Academic Emergency Medicine 27, no. 4 (December 23, 2019): 297–304. https://doi.org/10.1111/acem.13888 . This study looks at and examines RAFT (Rapid Appraisal for Trafficking), its design, and procedures, and using RAFT explains how to develop a screening tool that can be used in emergency departments throughout the country to identify those who are victims of human trafficking presently or have previously been victims of human trafficking. The study highlights a need for a broadly applicable screening tool to be implemented in emergency departments, however recognizes that this is difficult to do because little is currently known about emergency department patients and their experience with human trafficking. What the conclusion that author come upon is that in order for emergency departments to effectively implement human trafficking screening tools, there needs to be an understanding of how screening tools were developed this would determine if the screening tools being implemented would actually be appropriate for the setting it is trying to be implemented in. Donahue, Steven, Michael Schwien, and Danielle C. Lavallee. “Educating Emergency Department Staff on the Identification and Treatment of Human Trafficking Victims.” Journal of Emergency Nursing 45, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 16–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jen.2018.03.021 . Hospitals, specifically emergency departments are one of the few circumstances in which human trafficking victims come in contact with the general public, as such it is important for emergency department workers to have an understanding of human trafficking and the ability to recognize signs of victims. This paper examined the efficacy of evidence-based

online training modules relating to human trafficking that were given to emergency department personnel. These training modules consisted of a PowerPoint Presentation, two realistic case studies, and identification treatment guidelines. Research that was examined was collected from emergency department personnel in two suburban hospitals in a northeast metropolitan city. Staff who participated in the online training modules included nurses, physicians, ED technicians, and nurse practitioners/physician assistants. What the results showed was that 89% of those who participated had not received previous training relating to human trafficking, after completing the training module, 96% said they felt more confident in their ability to identify and help victims of human trafficking. These results highlight the need for human trafficking-specific training to be implemented throughout the nation in hospital settings. Greer, Benjamin Thomas, and Jeffrey G. Purvis. “Corporate Supply Chain Transparency: California’s Seminal Attempt to Discourage Forced Labour.” The International Journal of Human Rights 20, no. 1 (July 2, 2015): 55–77. https://doi.org/10.1080/13642987.2015.1039318 . “Corporate supply chain transparency: California’s seminal attempt to discourage forced labour” by Benjamin Thomas Greer highlights the issue of human trafficking, specifically focusing on the California Transparency in Supply Chains Act of 2010. Throughout the paper the author highlights corporate globalization and its contribution to human trafficking, making it become of the largest and fastest-growing criminal enterprises in the world. The author emphasizes that as companies continue to expand globally, the risk for vulnerable populations continues to rise, as corporations are searching for ways to maximize profits, one way being cheap labor. However, to combat human trafficking, such as forced labor, corporations need to be held accountable, the way the author suggests, following California’s Corporate Transparency Act is for corporations to be

transparent with consumers about their supply chains. “With proper supply chain disclosure, activists can target corporations which sell goods failing to meet the community’s standards and voice their disapproval with a free market approach of shopping elsewhere.” Salvador A. Cicero-Dominguez, "Assessing the U.S.-Mexico Fight against Human Trafficking and Smuggling: Unintended Results of U.S. Immigration Policy," Northwestern University Journal of International Human Rights 4, no. 2 (Fall 2005): 303-330 This article by Salvador A. Cicero-Domínguez analyses human trafficking and how it affects US-Mexico relations and how each state is combatting the growing problem. The paper also discusses policies implemented on both sides of the border, for example, the deportation of former criminals in the US back to Mexico, reviews the positives and negatives of the implemented policy, and proposes multiple policy measures to address the growing problem. One aspect the author touches upon is the lack of government cooperation between Mexico and the US and the impact of criminal deportees on smuggling and trafficking. The author explains that while law enforcement cooperation between the US and Mexico has been beneficial in combatting human trafficking, there is a lack of cooperation in information sharing, particularly when it comes to criminal deportees. This combined with stricter border security, and new laws expanding the deportation of criminal aliens from the US has made it so the border has become increasingly unsafe. The majority of the proposals the author offers are non-law enforcement oriented. While the author does recognize policies that stress law enforcement are effective, he recognizes they also create problems relating to amount of illegal immigrants in the US prison system and the subsequent deportation of said

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