Chapter One

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Feb 20, 2024

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Chapter One The most notable difference between health services and research based in health, for example, disease research, is what exactly the research entails, so the point of view and what is trying to be brought from the research (what we will gain from it). There are many aspects that create healthcare; in the study of HSR (Health Services Research), aspects like quality and cost are observed to see where they are affected by variables such as finances and societal dilemmas. Although different, health services research and health-based research are two essential components used to further medical/healthcare research through examining what and where causes healthcare to constantly fluctuate. Clinical research focuses on testing the effectiveness of medicines/treatments in patients. Biomedical research, like the former, is research where the functions of the human body are studied to further understand pathological and pathophysiological transmission. Through a better understanding of how the body is affected by disease, new treatments are created/innovated (CBRA). Environmental health research explores how components of our environment affect our health, clean air versus dirty air for example, thus certain diseases are born. Apart from the study of diseases itself, environmental health research ushes for legislation to prevent environmental hazards. Epidemiological research is the criteria, frequency, and location of diseases. With epidemiological research, healthcare policies can be made to protect civilians. HSR (Health Services Research) looks at the entire picture, by breaking down each part that comprises healthcare. The purpose of HSR is to improve the areas where healthcare is not working as efficiently as possible, as key factors like financing and organization determine the outcome of other necessary healthcare research. Chapter Two Medical care has distinct qualities that differentiate it from other goods on the market. Information asymmetry, aspects of a public good, and high-fixed costs/low-fixed costs are variables which contribute to why healthcare does not behave like other goods on the market. Information asymmetry is when one group/person of the healthcare transaction is aware of more information than the other group(s), therefore making it an unfair transaction because they are holding the upper hand. For example, a typical patient is unaware of the extensive treatment that is chemotherapy, while an oncologist is well informed about what is involved in chemotherapy. In this scenario, the doctor has the “upper hand” so to speak because they hold more information. This impacts the choices that need to be made within healthcare, in turn affecting the market. Healthcare is not considered a public good, but it still has some characteristics of being a public good. For example, hospitals/emergency rooms are required to treat you if the situation is urgent. High-fixed costs versus low-fixed costs are infrastructure and experienced employees, while low fixed costs are the costs for the treatments themselves, even more so when you factor in location, patient needs, etc. (Turner et al., 2023). Patients, lawmakers, healthcare providers, and healthcare administrators are affected by the ever-changing market, making the issue of healthcare polarizing to grasp a sense of control in chaos. References
California Biomedical Research Association. (n.d.). Get the Facts about Biomedical Research . California Biomedical Research Association. https://ca-biomed.org/get-the-facts/ Turner, H. C., Sandmann, F. G., Downey, L. E., Orangi, S., Teerawattananon, Y., Vassall, A., & Jit, M. (2023, May 15). What are economic costs and when should they be used in health economic studies? . BioMed Central. https://resource-allocation.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12962-023-00436-w
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