Unit 3 Chapter 3 H

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Article Analysis: 23 years of the discovery of Helicobacter pylori : Is the debate over? 1. When Warren and Marshall were preparing their investigation of H. pylori , what did their review of the current literature reveal about the cause of peptic ulcer disease? Warren and Marshall’s review of the current literature unveiled that lifestyle factors and stress were popular causes of peptic ulcer disease (Ahmed, 2005). 2. What was Warren and Marshall’s hypothesis about the cause of peptic ulcer disease? Warren and Marshall’s hypothesized the cause of peptic ulcer disease to be infection by H pylori bacterium (Ahmed, 2005). 3. A. What did Marshall do in 1985 to collect evidence to support his hypothesis? In 1985, Marshall put himself through gastric biopsy to prove that he did not carry the bacterium (Ahmed, 2005). Following this, he infected himself with H. pylori bacterium and developed illness reflecting positive results towards their hypothesis (Ahmed, 2005). This was then featured in the Medical Journal of Australia (Ahmed, 2005). B. Is this Quantitative or Qualitative research and how did you determine this? This experiment is qualitative. Marshall was the only test subject included in their experiment, and it was not repeated in regards to dosages of H. pylori. The experiment lacks generalizability, has a “systematical method of coding for detecting patterns and making conclusions” (P. 50), and adds details to scientific studies (Daempfle, 2014). C. Was Marshall’s experiment generalizable to the larger population and how did you determine this? We can presume that Marshall’s research was generalizable to the larger population, however research shows there is a possibility that the presence of H. pylori can be beneficial in some people (Ahmed, 2005). A study showed that children who were infected with H. pylori ended up less likely to have diarrhea than children without the infection (Ahmed, 2005). It also produces a “cecropin-like peptide” (P. 2), or in other words antibacterial peptide (Ahmed, 2005). They have also been shown to reduce acidity in the stomach (Ahmed, 2005). Therefore, Marshall’s experiment was not generalizable to the larger population due to possible extraneous variables. 4. Because of this study, what research has since been conducted and what research is needed for the future? Barret’s observation of the esophagus and adenocarcinoma of the esophagus was conducted in western countries to find speculation that H. pylori may be associated with peptic ulcer disease, gastric cancer, and gastroesophageal reflux disease, and that they may be capable of preventing their onset (Ahmed, 2005). In contrast, the risks associated with the
H. pylori infection outweigh the benefits this could provide a human, which is something that needs to be further researched (Ahmed, 2005). More research should also go into how H. pylori affects different populations, diets and lifestyles (Ahmed, 2005). Article Analysis: Helicobacter pylori – associated peptic ulcer disease: A retrospective analysis of post-treatment testing practices. 1. Is this Quantitative or Qualitative research and how did you determine this? This research is quantitative. There is many subjects and uses statistical data (collection, organization, analysis and interpretation of data) (Daempfle 2014 P. 50). 2. What problem did the authors find in their review of the literature that they wanted to address by their study? In review of literature, authors found discrepancies existing between recommended and actual practice in managing “H. pylori-associated PUD” (Feder et al., 2018, P. 2). Previous studies showed a wide variation of therapy rates and post-treatment rates, with reasoning that is not well described. Another largely unknown factor was barriers to receiving post-treatment testing. In their study, they wanted to reveal factors that were associated with post-treatment testing in H. pylori eradication. 3. What is the hypothesis for this study? The hypothesis for this study was that outpatient status who were receiving repeat endoscopy and gastroenterology follow-up would have positive results with also receiving post-treatment testing (Feder et al., 2018). 4. Is there a sampling bias? Why or why not? No, there are no sampling biases determined in this research. The patient selection criteria were in place to make sure they were getting accurate data. The patients had to be 18 years or older at the time of their PUD diagnosis (Feder et al., 2018). Exclusions included those with a life expectancy of less than 6 months, known gastric malignancy, no documented follow-up clinic visits at Duke or gastroenterology within one year of endoscopy, and previously successfully treated patients (unless there was evidence of an active infection again) (Feder et al., 2018). However, they pose risk that the transitions of care may be smoother in non- teaching hospitals (Feder et al., 2018).
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