Unit 1 - Individual Project

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HCM632

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Medicine

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Feb 20, 2024

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UNIT 1 – INDIVIDUAL PROJECT 1 Unit 1 – Individual Project Kristine Cameron Colorado Technical University

UNIT 1 – INDIVIDUAL PROJECT 2 Unit 1 – Individual Project During the course of this Individual Project for Unit 1, I will discuss various aspects of healthcare in the United States. I will start by showing how healthcare in the US has evolved since the delivery system for healthcare began to take shape during the post-industrial revolution. I will also discuss how various medical technologies have affected the delivery of care. This will include the invention of new technologies, medical school reformation, and pertinent legislation from our government. Finally, I will discuss why the United States has appeared to be unsuccessful when it comes to evolving into a national healthcare system. Before I can discuss how the United States evolved since the post-industrial period, I have to talk about when the post-industrial period takes place. Our texts show that the post-industrial period in the United States spanned hundreds of years and was broken down into three phases. These phases were the consumer sovereignty phase (mid-18 th to late 19 th century), the professional dominance phase (late 19 th to late 20 th century), and the government and corporate dominance phase (late 20 th to 21 st century (Shi & Singh, 2019). The actual term post-industrial became widely used after a sociologist named Daniel Bell coined the phrase in 1973 in a book titled “The Coming of Post-Industrial Society: A Venture in Social Forecasting”. One of the more important shifts taken during the post-industrial society was going from the production of goods to the production of services ( Understanding the Key Elements of a Post- Industrial Society , n.d.). Instead of simply having no standardized medical treatment in the US, the post- industrial period shifted our focus to a more regulated standard. This started with the evolution of medical school education. In 1765 the first medical school, the University of Pennsylvania, was founded. This was followed quickly by the founding of King’s college in 1768. This school later became known as the College of Physicians and Surgeons. Harvard Medical School then joined the ranks of standardization in the medical field when it started in 1782 (Zinner & Loughlin, 2009). However, it was not until the mid-

UNIT 1 – INDIVIDUAL PROJECT 3 1800s that doctors began to develop some sort of unified professional organization. This led to the establishment of the American Medical Association (AMA) in 1846 ( The Evolution of the U.S. Healthcare System | Encyclopedia.com , n.d.). The delivery of care in the United States has made considerable advances thanks to the evolution of medical technology, graduate medical education, and the professionalization of medical and nursing staff. The advances in medicine have been revolutionary to the advancement of programs such as diagnosis, prognosis, and treatments (Cardinal & Kaell, 2017). There was massive growth in the field of medicine due to the advent of newer technologies, reformation of medical schools, and of course new standards in the government legislature that directly correlated to improving healthcare. For example, it was so easy to get into medical school during the 1800s. It was not until 1905 that the government mandated that you had to have a high school diploma as a prerequisite for medical school. Harvard Medical School did not even require a bachelor’s degree until 1901. Even then, medical school was mostly book work, lasting only two short years, and proving little or no exposure to medical facilities and real patients (Cardinal & Kaell, 2017). By the year 1904, the American Medical Association (AMA) created a Council of Medical Education that was wide-spread by 1915. This council was formed in order to rate the different medical schools in an effort to ensure that they were providing quality education and training to their medical students ( Medical Education in 2020: How We Got Here, Where We’re Headed, 2020). This leads us to the discussion as to why the United States has been so unsuccessful when it comes to evolving their current healthcare system into a national healthcare system. Some of these reasons of lack of success fall under four very broad categories. These reasons can be classified as political inexpediency, institutional dissimilarities, ideological differences, and tax aversion (Shi & Singh, 2019). Of course there are many other different opinions on why the U.S. has not moved to a national healthcare system. Some of these opinions are that we have expensive and dysfunctional health

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