vaccne paper 2 (1)

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Rowan College of South Jersey, Gloucester *

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Medicine

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Feb 20, 2024

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docx

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The ERVEBO vaccine has a proven efficacy of 100% in a phase III open-label cluster-randomized ring vaccination trial l (Henao-Restrepo et al., 2015). However, if reformulation is done, Ervebo might be easier to administer, store and dispense. Currently, it requires an ultra-cold chain for long-term storage, which makes delivery and storage in African countries difficult and expensive (Woolsey & Geisbert, 2021). Some scientists think a nasal Ebola vaccine could theoretically overcome some of the issues with cold-chain requirements while being easy to administer (Jonsson-Schmunk & Croyle, 2015). For instance, nasal vaccines would be more co nvenient for people that are scared of needles . Also, since Ervebo is made with rice-derived recombinant human serum albumin, individuals that have a rice allergy are unable to receive this vaccine because they are at risk of an anaphylactic reaction (CDC, 2023). Reformulating the vaccine to account for allergies and other contraindications will help to improve the safety of the vaccine.   Both Ervebo and Zabdeno/Mvabea have been shown to be safe, but they have only been approved for use against the Zaire ebolavirus strain (Woolsey & Geisbert, 2021). New vaccine technologies could improve existing approved Ebola vaccines by targeting other ebolavirus species or being formulated to be stable at warmer temperatures. Some scientists think a nasal Ebola vaccine could theoretically overcome some of the issues with cold-chain requirements while being easy to administer (Jonsson- Schmunk & Croyle, 2015).    Module 10: Target populations and schedules Is the current target population(s) appropriate for your vaccine(s)? Since we have an aging population should older people be specifically targeted for your vaccine(s)? Ervebo is suitable for use for adults and children that are one year or older In places outside of the US that have a high burden of active disease, such as Congo and Sudan, I would distribute the vaccine by using the ring vaccination strategy1. This focuses on vaccinating the close contacts of positive cases, healthcare and frontline workers, and others that have the highest risk of infection. By doing this, herd immunity would be achieved more quickly. What would be your priority 2-3 targets for the vaccine and why? Neonates, Children, adults, health care workers, vulnerable population (elderly etc.)? My first priority will be to vaccinate healthcare workers in the endemic areas. Most likely, the first line of care for an infected individual will be a clinic or hospital, so prioritizing the vaccination of healthcare workers will reduce the risk of exposure. Another group that I will prioritize vaccination for are individuals that have been in close contact with a confirmed case of Ebola. This establishes immunity around the confirmed cases, which in turn prevents the virus from spreading further. The current target population for ERVEBO includes adults and children aged one year or older. Considering the aging population, older individuals may be specifically targeted, especially in regions with a high burden of active disease. In these endemic areas like Congo and Sudan, distributing the
vaccine using the ring vaccination strategy is beneficial. This focuses on vaccinating the close contacts of positive cases, healthcare and frontline workers, and others that have the highest risk of infection. By doing this, herd immunity would be achieved more quickly. prioritizing healthcare workers and close contacts of confirmed cases through a ring vaccination strategy is crucial. Neonates, children, and vulnerable populations, such as the elderly, should be prioritized to create a robust defense against the virus. Module 11: Vaccine strategies What new strategies might be considered for insuring that your vaccine(s) are available to the global target population? Logistic strategies? Economic strategies? Manufacturing strategies (e.g., local versus central)? Cultural strategies (e.g., some cultures very anti- vaccine). New logistics strategies, such as improving cold chain storage requirements, can be utilized by developing technology that minimize reliance on ultra-cold storage refrigerators, which in turn allows for the vaccine to be distributed and stored long-term in areas without specialized freezers. Economic strategies, such as affordability initiatives through collaboration with local and international organizations and public-private partnerships, ensure accessibility to low-income populations. Cultural strategies focus on community engagement programs and tailored educational campaigns to address vaccine hesitancy. During the educational and engagement programs, being respectful, relatable and communicating properly help to form relationships with trust where which it reduces whatever drawback people have to the vaccines. Global collaboration and funding initiatives aim to share resources and respond rapidly to outbreaks. Public awareness campaigns through social media, digital outreach, and celebrity endorsements contribute to overcoming challenges, ultimately enhancing the global availability and acceptance of vaccines like ERVEBO allowing the vaccine to reach areas with limited infrastructure. Last-mile delivery solutions, such as drone deliveries and mobile vaccination clinics, provide novel ways to reach remote and underserved locations. Economic tactics, such as collaboration with international organizations and public- private partnerships, ensure that the vaccination is accessible to low- income populations. To develop a decentralized and robust manufacturing network, manufacturing techniques include establishing local production capacities and encouraging knowledge transfer. Cultural techniques involve local leaders and influencers in community involvement programs and tailored educational efforts to combat vaccine reluctance. Digital and data strategies include the use of digital immunization records and data.
New logistic strategies, such as cold chain optimization, can be imple- mented by investing in technologies that reduce reliance on ultra-cold storage, thereby extending the vaccine's reach to regions with limited in- frastructure. Last-mile delivery solutions, including drone deliveries and mobile vaccination clinics, offer innovative ways to efficiently reach re- mote and underserved areas. Economic strategies, such as affordability initiatives through collaboration with international organizations and public-private partnerships, ensure the vaccine's accessibility to low-in- come populations. Manufacturing strategies involve establishing local production capacities and facilitating technology transfer to create a de- centralized and resilient manufacturing network. Cultural strategies fo- cus on community engagement programs and tailored educational cam- paigns to address vaccine hesitancy by involving local leaders and influ- encers. Digital and data strategies encompass the implementation of digital immunization records and data analytics for targeted interven- tions. Global collaboration and funding initiatives, including international cooperation and emergency funding mechanisms, aim to share re- sources and respond rapidly to outbreaks. Public awareness campaigns through social media, digital outreach, and celebrity endorsements fur- ther contribute to overcoming challenges, ultimately enhancing the global availability and acceptance of vaccines like ERVEBO.
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