COM 175-AGS8-05

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Medicine

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Feb 20, 2024

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Medical Terminology Communicating in Groups and Exploring Mediated Communication Humans are inherently social creatures, and we seek opportunities to be with others. We work in groups, study in groups, join clubs or associations, live in groups, and play sports in teams. Being a part of a group has many rewards, including the feeling that we belong to something and are needed. Group membership, however, can also cause frustrations due to disagreements or interpersonal problems with other group members. Regardless of whether groups are a source of frustration or comfort, they are a part of our lives. Positive group experiences can be enhanced and negative ones improved by understanding some basic characteristics of group communication. Much communication today takes place through media, transmitted electronically by unseen producers making decisions that affect millions of viewers whom they will never know. Communication through the media affects all of us, but the scope and nature of those effects are not entirely clear. This module studies the types of mediated communication that evolved over the years. Objectives: After completing this module, you should be able to do the following:  Explain the importance of groups in society  Identify the advantages and disadvantages of group participation and various group communication norms and roles.  Use a structured approach to decision making in groups  Give examples of what it takes to lead a group in an effective and responsible manner.  Distinguish between mediated and “mass” communication.  Examine the effects and functions of media. Required Reading: Dobkin, Bethami A., Pace, Roger C., Communication in a Changing World. (2006 Ed), McGraw-Hill Higher Education  Chapters 9 & 10

Medical Terminology Terms to Know:  Ad hoc groups  Collectivism  Group charge and norms  Laissez-Faire leadership  Power distance  Standing group  Uncertainty avoidance  Cultivation theory  Gratification function  Hypodermic needle model  Media synergy  Selective exposure  Technological convergence  Third person effect Summary A small group is composed of a limited number of individuals who communicate with each other to achieve a common goal. There are many different types of groups in society. Primary groups fulfill our basic human needs of survival, safety, and inclusion. They include families and relationships. Other types of groups include social groups, help groups, civic groups, community-based groups, virtual groups, and problem-solving groups. There are several advantages to group decision making. Groups often make better decisions than individuals because they bring a variety of viewpoints, resources, and talents to the problem. Through division of labor groups can also divide a task into parts and ask each member to take responsibility for a different element. This often allows groups to achieve more than a single individual could possibly accomplish. Finally, group members will be more committed to a decision that they help make. This commitment helps implement the decision and builds group cohesion. Disadvantages of group decision making include the following: Members may have to sacrifice their individual preferences for the will of the group, which can be frustrating for particular members. Group decision making inevitably creates a certain amount of conflict that may also cause anxiety and frustration for some members. Finally, group decisions sometimes take

Medical Terminology more time than those made by individuals, and members often must "cover" or compensate for other members who do not do their share of the work. Group norms are expectations about how members should behave and are established through interaction. Some norms are implicit and unstated while others are more overt or explicit. Group roles are common expectations that define a specific purpose, need, or capacity with the group. Some roles facilitate the group task and include gathering and distributing information,, evaluating ideas and suggestions, and coordinating group activities. Mass communication refers to the creation of meaning through messages sent to a large, unseen, and anonymous audience. The more resources used to produce a message, the larger the audience needed to make a profit. Although many of us consume mass communication, we also participate in mediated communication, which includes any communication that is sent or received using technology. Over the centuries we have moved from an oral to a literate and finally to an electronic society. With each new era of media have come fears about their effects and hopes for a better society. Literacy brought with it changes in thinking, social structure, and commerce. Some of these changes still exist in the electronic society of the 21st century. Electronic society has brought back some features of oral culture, such as focusing on listening, using personal appearance to evaluate believability, and sharing public events with large audiences. Several communication technologies, such as telephone lines, digital satellite services, and personal computers have been combined to bring us new ways to communicate with mediated messages. With every new mass medium has come a concern about media effects. Direct effects of media are difficult to prove, because competing factors such as selective exposure can often explain behavioral change. However, some research does suggest that mass media can have a direct effect on audience belief and behaviors, particularly among children and consumers of sexual and violent media content. Through media we can learn what remote parts of the world took like, how we expect others to behave in work, education, and leisure, who appears fit

Medical Terminology to run our country, what behaviors we will tolerate; and even how we should look on a date. Mass media fuo7tl audience desires for surveillance, information, entertainment, and social utility. Media managers function as gatekeepers who decide which messages will be produced, and when media turn human events into stories, they can build public agendas. Media also cultivate worldviews by providing audiences with a steady stream of recurring stories, themes, and images. For instance, the patterns of portrayals on prime-time television reinforce stereotypes about sex roles, contribute to fear of crime, and encourage acceptance of violence. The most profitable and common images are repeated, and the potential diversity of images and voices can be lost. Assignment: 1. Make a list of the groups to which you belong. What are some explicit and implicit norms that occur in these groups? Which ones are cohesive and which ones are not? Why? 2. Task-avoidance often distracts a group and wastes valuable decision- making time. However, sometimes a divergence can help group morale. When and how might avoidance help a group? Give some specific examples. 3. How does brainstorming help groups generate solutions to a problem? Why is withholding criticism during brainstorming so important? 4. Keep track of all the media you consume for two days. Then, try to go “cold turkey” for a day and eliminate all media consumption. How much media do you consume? What needs are met by your media consumption? How difficult was it to avoid all media? 5. Broadcast commercials and print advertising can be some of the most entertaining forms of mass communication. Flip through the pages of a popular magazine and consider these questions: How quickly and easily are problems solved? Does the ad appeal to the basic human needs? How is success or beauty measured? What kind of lifestyle is promoted, and what are the implications? Give specific examples.

Medical Terminology Introduction My freshman year of college in the early 1990s, I took a health science course that included medical terminology. In my class were a few medical professionals from foreign countries honing their communication skills in preparation for practice in the United States. The instructor informed the class that these were learned people who understood the critical importance of correct use of medical terminology and encouraged us to partner with them to study if possible. Another student and I partnered with a nurse who had recently immigrated from Russia and she explained to us many scenarios that could go badly if she was not able to accurately communicate patient information. In our current global culture learning correct medical terminology is one of the most important areas to perfect to ensure successful patient outcomes (Shriver 2021). The revelation that medical error is the third leading cause of death in the United States sent unsettling reverberations through the healthcare industry last week, but the news is likely only the tip of the iceberg and much more must be done to address this growing health issue. Researchers Martin Makary and Michael Daniel recently published findings in BMJ revealed that deaths caused by medical error numbered more than 250,000 annually — making medical error a leading cause of death only behind heart disease (611k) and cancer (585k) — and are likely higher as a result of system-wide under-reporting. “To achieve more reliable healthcare systems, the science of improving safety should benefit from sharing data nationally and internationally, in the same way as clinicians share

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