COM 175 AGS8-08

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Medicine

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Feb 20, 2024

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Medical Terminology Speaking to Persuade We all engage in attempts to persuade or influence others by reinforcing or changing their beliefs. Our efforts range from inspiring to seeking agreement to changing behavior. Each interaction involves motivating others to change a belief or take an action and requires specific skills that are necessary for good persuasive speaking. Objectives: After completing this module, you should be able to do the following:  Identify different persuasive goals and types of speeches.  Build persuasive arguments.  Organize a persuasive speech.  Recognize and practice ethical persuasion. Readings: Dobkin, Bethami A., Pace, Roger C., Communication in a Changing World. (2006 Ed), McGraw-Hill Higher Education  Chapter 15 Terms to Know:  Anchors  Ethos  Fallacy  Hasty generalization  Induction  Logos  Motivated sequence  Mythos  Pathos  Slippery slope  Syllogism Summary

Medical Terminology Persuasive speeches share much with informative ones. The primary goal of informative speaking is to convey knowledge, but the speaker must convince the audience to listen. Persuasive speakers often need to educate listeners, but their main objective is to change the attitudes, beliefs, and possibly behaviors of their audience. According to social judgment theory, speakers need to identify the audience's anchor beliefs and try to influence attitudes that fall within their latitudes of acceptance or noncommitment. Persuasive speaking speeches can reinforce, convince, or call for action. Speeches to reinforce attempt to strengthen existing attitudes and beliefs. Speeches to convince urge listeners to accept contentious facts, evaluate beliefs, or support actions. Speeches that call for action build on the support a speaker has earned to move the audience to a specific behavior. Claims of fact, value, and policy each reflect a different goal of the speaker and desired response from listeners. Claims of fact make claims about the truth or falsity of a statement. Claims of value ask listeners to form a judgment or evaluation. Claims of policy ask listeners to consider a specific course of action. Arguments consist of claims, evidence, and reasoning. Even if an argument makes sense, audiences will not necessarily accept it, so speakers must rely on persuasive appeals to support their arguments. Persuasive appeals can be based on credibility, reasoning, emotion, or cultural myths. Speakers establish credibility by demonstrating good sense, goodwill, and good moral character. Appeals based on reasoning demonstrate a clear and justifiable connection between the evidence provided and the conclusion drawn. They can be based on either inductive or deductive reasoning. Speakers can appeal to emotions by referring to the physical need5forfood and water and to human needs and desires for security, belonging, love and esteem, and self-actualization. Myths, legends, and shared stories can also form the basis of persuasive appeals. Speeches to reinforce often use topical or chronological patterns. One of the most common organizations for speeches that call for action is the motivated sequence. It has five stages: attention, need, satisfaction, visualization, and action. Speaking responsibly requires showing respect for opposing points of view, keeping the interests of the audience in mind, welcoming listeners to verify your information, avoiding coercion, and considering your own feelings and interests.

Medical Terminology Assignment: Essay Questions: 1. In a survey of movie critics, it was found that most of their movie reviews are favorable. Are movies really this good? What does this suggest about the ways that movie critics define a good movie? What might be the motives of some of the critics for giving positive reviews? How persuasive do you consider movie critics to be? 2. Sometimes it’s difficult to distinguish inferences from facts and opinions. Identify the types of claims made in the following statements: 1) Brand X is the best sport nutrition bar because it has the most vitamins and minerals in it. 2) Candidate Y is most likely to win the upcoming election. 3. Go to the online speech bank where you will find likes to thousands of public speeches, www.americanrhetoric.com/speechbank.htm . Find a speech that effectively integrates appeals to credibility, logic, emotion, and cultural myth. Give specific examples of each. 4. Take a speech topic of your choice, and develop it into a speech that persuades. 5. In the speech you wrote, identify specific points where it inspires or persuades listeners to take action. How did you convince the audience to listen or take action? Which did you not use? Why/why not? Note: For some questions, a response of fewer than 500 words may be acceptable. Introduction My freshman year of college in the early 1990s, I took a health science course that included medical terminology. In my class were a few medical professionals from foreign countries honing their communication skills in preparation for practice in the United States. The

Medical Terminology instructor informed the class that these were learned people who understood the critical importance of correct use of medical terminology and encouraged us to partner with them to study if possible. Another student and I partnered with a nurse who had recently immigrated from Russia and she explained to us many scenarios that could go badly if she was not able to accurately communicate patient information. In our current global culture learning correct medical terminology is one of the most important areas to perfect to ensure successful patient outcomes (Shriver 2021). The revelation that medical error is the third leading cause of death in the United States sent unsettling reverberations through the healthcare industry last week, but the news is likely only the tip of the iceberg and much more must be done to address this growing health issue. Researchers Martin Makary and Michael Daniel recently published findings in BMJ revealed that deaths caused by medical error numbered more than 250,000 annually — making medical error a leading cause of death only behind heart disease (611k) and cancer (585k) — and are likely higher as a result of system-wide under-reporting. “To achieve more reliable healthcare systems, the science of improving safety should benefit from sharing data nationally and internationally, in the same way as clinicians share research and innovation about coronary artery disease, melanoma, and influenza,” they wrote (EHR Intelligence 2016). What is Medical Error? Historically, patient safety researchers investigating the impact of error in medicine have adopted outcome-dependant (sic) definitions of medical error and its surrogate terms and have limited their focus to patients experiencing adverse outcomes or injury as a consequence of medical care. Perhaps this tendency stems from a guiding principle of medical practice credited

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