2203 Lab 2 In-Class Exercise.docx

PTH_AS 2203 Lab 2: Circulatory System Station 1. Donor Along the upper limb, one continuous vessel is given three different names depending on where it is. These names are important, as they help to clearly define the location of branches and damage to this vessel in clinical settings. On the donor, find the following vessels: Subclavian artery Axillary artery Brachial artery The right subclavian artery is a branch of which vessel? Superior Vena cava What about the left subclavian artery? What are the branches of the brachial artery? PTH_AS 2203 – Lab 2 – Circulatory System – In-class Exercise modified 06/30/2021 – p. 1 of 23

Station 2. Donor The body wall is fed and drained by a series of arteries and veins. On this donor, locate the following structures (hint: start with the great vessels and follow their pathways): Intercostal arteries Intercostal veins Azygos vein Superior vena cava Aorta What is the primary source of the intercostal arteries? Into what vessel do the intercostal veins drain? Into what vessel does this vein that collects the intercostal veins ultimately drain? PTH_AS 2203 – Lab 2 – Circulatory System – In-class Exercise modified 06/30/2021 – p. 2 of 23

Station 3. Histology image of artery & vein in cross section You are consulting with a pathologist about a patient who may have atypical neurovasculature in her axilla. The pathologist shows you the biopsy slide and asks your opinion about the patient’s vessels. In order to understand her explanation, you need to be able to differentiate between arteries and veins in a histologic section. Which of the structures shown is a vein? Which is the artery? List three ways you can differentiate between an artery and a vein in a histological image like this. 1. 2 . 3. Why do arteries and veins differ in the structure of their walls? How could you identify a capillary? Which aspect of capillary structure is directly related to its function? PTH_AS 2203 – Lab 2 – Circulatory System – In-class Exercise modified 06/30/2021 – p. 3 of 23

Station 4. Histology image of artery with wall Because different diseases or disorders may affect various parts of vessels, or affect the performance of those components, it is important to be able to identify the structure and location of the layers comprising the vessel walls. Identify the following in this image: Tunica media Tunica intima (interna) Tunica externa Which of these layers is composed of simple squamous epithelium? Which of these layers is composed of smooth muscle? Station 5. Model 16A4 On this model, identify which vessels represent arteries and which represent veins. What structures are found inside veins that are not found in arteries? Why are valves in veins important? Why aren’t they found in arteries? On a long plane flight, passengers are advised to flex and extend and roll their ankles, and to get up and move about periodically. Why do you think they are advised to do this? What would be a potential consequence of not doing so? PTH_AS 2203 – Lab 2 – Circulatory System – In-class Exercise modified 06/30/2021 – p. 4 of 23

Station 6. Model 24E9 Your middle-aged patient suffers from a tumor in his mediastinum that is compromising the great vessels. To understand what clinical symptoms he will experience, you must understand the location and distribution of these vessels. Identify the following structures: Aortic arch Ascending aorta Descending aorta Brachiocephalic trunk Left common carotid artery Right common carotid artery Left subclavian artery Right subclavian artery Which area(s) of the body do the common carotid arteries supply? Which area(s) of the body do the subclavian arteries supply? The left subclavian artery is a branch of which vessel? The right subclavian artery is a branch of which vessel? PTH_AS 2203 – Lab 2 – Circulatory System – In-class Exercise modified 06/30/2021 – p. 5 of 23

Station 7. Model 2A1/15A2 A femoral hernia, in which the abdominal contents protrude into the space where the femoral artery enters the thigh, can compress the femoral artery. Identify the femoral artery on the lower limb model. What is the source of this artery? Identify it on the two models. What is its branch in the thigh? And what region of the thigh does the branch supply? When the femoral artery passes behind the knee, what is it called? List the three branches of this vessel that branch off distal to the knee joint. Veins use several different mechanisms to ensure blood return to the heart from the extremities. In addition to the pumping of the heart itself, name two other mechanisms of venous return Station 8. Models 4C2 and 1A1 A middle-aged man undergoes a cardiac stress test. Based on his results, the cardiologist determines that he has an occluded (blocked) vessel in his coronary circulation. The cardiologist decides to perform angioplasty, a procedure during which a small balloon is inserted into the affected vessel to open it up. The balloon is threaded up to the heart through a catheter that has been inserted in the femoral vein. This pathway is chosen for the catheter because the femoral vein is large and superficial, and provides a relatively straight pathway to the heart. Locate the femoral vein on this model. Trace the pathway of the catheter from femoral vein to the right atrium. List the vessels the catheter will pass through on its way to the heart. PTH_AS 2203 – Lab 2 – Circulatory System – In-class Exercise modified 06/30/2021 – p. 6 of 23

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