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medicine residency and then a 3-year fellowship. The fellowship emphasizes subspe- cialty training in diseases of the GI tract. During this time gastroenterologists become proficient in performing invasive procedures to directly view the lining of the GI tract. One procedure is the endoscopy, an invasive procedure to view the esophagus and stomach. Another is the colonoscopy, an invasive procedure to view the rectum and large intestine. The procedures are done to evaluate the presence of masses or tumors as well as areas of bleeding. Gastroenterologists will also medically treat inflammatory issues of the bowels and heartburn or reflux issues. Neurologist Neurologists are physicians who specialize in the treatment of diseases related to the nervous system. They complete a 4-year residency, during which their training focuses on diagnosing and treating diseases of the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and the peripheral nervous system (nerves of the body). Neurologists perform procedures such as electrodiagnostic studies (nerve and muscle tests), electroen- cephalogram (EEG) studies, and sleep studies. In addition, they will also medically manage the diseases of the central nervous system: Parkinson’s disease, seizures, and multiple sclerosis. Psychiatrists Psychiatrists are physicians who specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders. They complete a 4-year residency, during which the focus of their training is to evaluate patients to determine whether their symptoms are the result of a physical illness, a combination of physical and mental, or a strictly psychiatric one. Psychia- trists can easily subspecialize in various areas, including addiction disorders, child and adolescent psychiatry, geriatric psychiatry, and forensic psychiatry. Psychiatrists may work closely with counselors and psychologists to help treat patients. The main difference between a psychiatrist and a psychologist is the former is a medical doctor who can prescribe medications, whereas the latter is unable to prescribe medications. Dermatologists Dermatologists are physicians who specialize in the treatment of disorders of the skin. They complete a 4-year residency, during which they become proficient in the identifi- cation and treatment of skin disorders, growths, and cancers. Dermatologists perform procedures to remove skin lesions, typically by freezing or cutting them off. Physiatrists Physiatrists are physicians who specialize in the treatment of musculoskeletal dis- eases and disorders that lead to a change or decline in function that may benefit from CH. 6 - MEDICA