BIO 201 Chapter 9 Joints Assignment OPS.docx

Page 1 Chapter 9-Joints For this assignment, please read the chapter and answer the questions below. Please type your answers in red or blue color. Please note that points may be deducted if answers are not submitted in these colors. Sentences in italics are meant to help you understand the material- they are not questions Each question is worth .5 points. This assignment is worth 48 points. Classification of Joints (Define the following) Structural classification of joints includes: ( 1.5 points ) Fibrous joints: joints where the articulating areas of the adjacent bones are connected by fibrous connective tissue. Synovial joints: joints at which the articulating surfaces of the bones are located within a joint cavity formed by an articular capsule. Cartilaginous joints: joint at which the bones are united by hyaline cartilage (synchondrosis) or fibrocartilage (symphysis) Functional classification includes: ( 1.5 points ) Synarthrosis- immobile or nearly immobile joint. Amphiarthrosis- slightly mobile joint. Diarthrosis- freely mobile joint.

Page 2 What is the functional classification on the suture joints? Immovable (synarthrosis) (.5 point) What is the functional classification of the joints between the vertebrae? Ampiarthrosis type of joint. (.5 point)

Page 3 What is the functional classification of the hip joint? Multiaxial diarthrosis (.5 points) Fibrous joints (2 points) Suture: Location of joint: found between most bones of the skull. Newborns and infants have wider areas between the bones containing connective tissue called fontanelles. How do they aid in delivery? During birth, it provides flexibility to the skull, allowing bones to overlap slightly, and aiding the movement of the infant’s head through the birth canal. After birth, these expanded regions of connective tissue allow for rapid growth of the skull and enlargement of the brain.

Page 4 Give an example of each of the following joints- Syndesmosis (1 point): Location of joint lower leg, between the tibia and fibula bones. Ligaments connect bone to bone. Gomphosis (1 point): Also known as a peg-and-socket joint. Location of joint mouth. Cartilaginous joints Synchondrosis (2 points): Location of joint epiphyseal plate and sternocostal joint. Example of a temporary synchondrosis joint epiphyseal plate. Example of a permanent synchondrosis joint sternocostal joint. Symphysis: (2 points) Location of joint pelvic region and adjacent vertebrae Fibrocartilage connects bones

Page 5 Synovial joint: Where would you find an articular capsule? (1 point) Function: connective tissue structure that encloses the joint cavity of a synovial joint. It is attached to each bone just outside the area of the bone’s articulating surface. Each bone is covered by a thin layer of hyaline cartilage called the articular cartilage. (.5 point) Lining each articular capsule is a synovial membrane which secrete synovial fluid (1point) Compare and contrast ligaments and tendons: ( 3 points) Define the following: Extrinsic ligament: ligament located outside of the articular capsule of a synovial joint. Intrinsic ligament: ligament that is fused to or incorporated into the wall of the articular capsule of a synovial joint. Intracapsular ligament: ligament that is located within the articular capsule of a synovial joint.

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