lab manual_human heart_atlas.pdf

1. What is a basic description of the heart’s function? 2. What is the approximate size and weight of the heart? 3. By rotating the image and highlighting the visible bones, make a list of the bones which form the protective thoracic cage around the heart: Brachiocephalic trunk Superior vena cava Ascending aorta Right ventricle Right atrium Right pulmonary arteries Larynx Trachea Aortic arch Left pulmonary arteries Pulmonary trunk Left atrium Left ventricle Apex of the heart A. LOCATION OF THE HEART Open Visible Body Suite. Search for and select the Circulatory System View “Location of Heart.” Make the following observations, and note you are responsible for the bolded terms: Location of the Heart (Anterior View) 2

4. What is the function of the thoracic cage in regard to the heart? 5. What is the location of the heart in reference to the right and left lungs? 6. Which lung experiences the greatest displacement due to the location of the heart? Highlight this lung and read its description. What is this “indentation” of the heart called? 7. In the Systems Tray on the left side of the screen, deselect the skeletal system to hide the thoracic cage. Then, rotate the model to see the trachea and esophagus . What is the placement of the heart in regard to the trachea and esophagus? Trachea Thoracic (or descending) aorta Left common carotid artery Left pulmonary veins Left subclavian artery Aortic arch Left primary bronchus Esophagus Superior vena cava Right primary bronchus Right pulmonary veins Location of the Heart (Posterior View) 3

8. Hide the lungs by deselecting the respiratory system icon on the left-hand side of the screen. You should now be able to see the vessels associated with the “pulmonary circuit” of blood flow. Select any part of the pulmonary trunk , and use its description to answer the following questions: a. The flow of blood from the heart to the lungs, then back to the heart is known as the pulmonary circuit . What does this indicate about the oxygen content of blood in these vessels? b. The pulmonary trunk supports pulmonary circulation by carrying _________________________ blood from the _________________________ of the heart into the lungs for _________________________. c. At the aortic arch, the pulmonary trunk divides into the _________________________. d. The pulmonary arteries and the pulmonary trunk are the only arteries in the adult body to carry _________________________ blood. e. Identify the pulmonary valve . 9. Select any part of the pulmonary arteries and read the description to answer the following questions: a. What color is used to distinguish the pulmonary arteries? b. The _________________________ pulmonary artery is longer and larger than the _________________________ pulmonary artery. c. In the lungs, pulmonary arteries branch into arterioles and then into networks of _________________________. d. What happens to the oxygen content of the blood as it passes through these pulmonary capillaries? e. Be sure to distinguish between the right and the left pulmonary arteries before moving on. 4

10. Select any part of the pulmonary veins and read the description to answer the following questions: a. What color is used to distinguish the pulmonary veins? What does this indicate about the oxygen content of blood in these vessels? b. These veins return _________________________ blood from the lungs to the ________________________ atrium of the heart for distribution via _________________________ circulation to the rest of the body. c. How many pulmonary veins empty blood into the heart? d. Do they have valves like most other veins? e. Be sure to distinguish between the right and the left pulmonary veins before moving on. 11. Select any part of the aorta and read the description to answer the following questions: a. The flow of blood from the heart to the tissues of the body, then back to the heart is known as the systemic circuit . b. The aorta is the largest _________________________ in the body. c. The aorta receives blood from the _________________________ ventricle through the ________________________ valve. d. What two arteries branch off of the initial part of the aorta, known as the ascending aorta ? e. Where does the aortic arch begin? 5

f. Name the three branches off of the aortic arch: g. At which point does the aortic arch become the descending aorta ? h. Highlight the aortic arch, and click the “pathologies” icon. Summarize the condition known as an aortic aneurysm . TIME TO PRACTICE! SEARCH FOR AND TAKE THE FOLLOWING CIRCULATORY SYSTEM QUIZ: PULMONARY CIRCULATION 6

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