Chapter 6 test review (1)

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Dental & Medical Emergencies Chapter 6 test review CHAPTER 6 • An allergic reaction is NOT based on dose. Either you are allergic or you are not. • Nausea is a side effect; not an allergic reaction • Products with latex= stethoscope, gloves, mask, polishing cups, dams, rubber on LA cart. • 6.2% of dental professionals = are allergic to latex.  Know what to do in an emergency  What is the most common allergic reaction? o Hives  Know they types of hypersensitivity reactions and examples of each o Type I - Immediate. / Caused by immunoglobulin E (IgE). /  Mild : skin rash, erythema, hives, raised area, urticaria (itching)  Severe (anaphylactic shock ): brochiolar constriction (narrow airway), asphyxiation, dyspnea, reduction Of blood pressure (shock), cardiovascular shock  Penicillin, ester class LAs, tetracaine injectable, aspirin, any latex products o Type II = Cytotoxic. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies.  Lyses red blood cells = hemolytic anemia o Type III = arthus reactions IgG / Serum sickness  Penicillin o Type IV = delayed (several days) / allergic dermatitis (latex allergies)  Know differences between Ester and Amide anesthetics, and examples of each o Ester = allergies from injectable/ no longer on market; some topicals like benzocaine o Amide = topical like lidocaine  What drug causes the most allergies? What is a good substitute? o Penicillin ( mild skin reaction to anaphylaxis) o Substitute= erythromycin or clindamycin o *antibiotics can cause nausea  Most common meds to cause allergic reactions in dentistry are: o Aspirin (more likely with asthma), Esther anesthetics, latex, penicillin

Definitions to know • Acute Allergic Reaction – immediate response or symptoms appearing within a few hours. • Allergen – substance that produce hypersensitive response in the body. • Anaphylactic shock – severe, sometimes fatal allergic reaction. Respiratory distress and hypotension, leading to cardiovascular collapse. • Dyspnea – labored or difficult breathing. • Innocuous – harmless • Erythematous – red appearance, caused by dilation of superficial blood vessels. • Urticaria – skin reaction – itching, hives, well defined red margins. • Vesicles – small fluid-filled blisters Key Terms Acute allergic reaction: an immediate response or symptoms appearing within a few hour Allergen: a substance that can produce a hypersensitive response in the body Anaphylactic shock: a severe, and sometimes fatal, allergic reaction characterized by respiratory distress and hypotension, leading to cardiovascular collapse Anaphylactoid reaction: idiosyncratic reactions that occur on the initial exposure to a particular drug or agent rather than after sensitization Atopy: having a genetic predisposition to develop an allergy to a substance; usually allergy to several substances is present Complement: an enzymatic serum protein that causes lysis of a cell Dyspnea: labored or difficult breathing Erythematous: having a red appearance, caused by dilation of superficial blood vessels Hypersensitivity: an abnormal condition characterized by an excessive reaction to a particular stimulus, such as allergy Hypersensitivity reaction: an inappropriate and excessive response of the immune system to a sensitizing antigen; an antigen–antibody reaction; an allergic reaction Innocuous: harmless Sensitization: an acquired reaction in which specific antibodies develop in response to an antigen Stomatitis: ulcerations within the mouth Urticaria: skin reactions characterized by itching, elevation of tissues (hives) with well-defined erythematous margins

Self-Study Review 1.An allergic substance acts as a(an): a.antibody. b.antigen. c.complement. d.toxic reaction. 2.The most common allergic reaction is a.hypotension. b.vesicles. c.hives. d.stomatitis. 3.Anaphylactoid reactions: a.are classic antigen–antibody reactions. b.affect the lips, tongue, and larynx. c.cause an allergic response with initial exposure. d.are not life-threatening. 4.From the following list, identify those that can cause an anaphylactic reaction in dentistry: a.Aspirin b.Latex gloves c.Saliva ejector d.Benzocaine topical e.Penicillin f.Polishing cups g.Curet h.X-ray film

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