PHI3200_AliciaMosley_Assessmet_Attempt1

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Philosophy

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Feb 20, 2024

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Ethical Theory Matrix Theory Decision Criteria Your Own Example Strengths Weaknesses Utilitarianism Determines that right and wrong are best determined by focusing on outcomes of actions and choices. An example of Utilitarianism would be when a healthcare team allocates limited medication to patients whose conditions are deemed most critical and have a higher likelihood of survival with the treatment. This decision aims to achieve the maximum positive impact on overall well-being. It provides a basis for making ethical decisions that are not dependent on personal beliefs or subjective interpretations. Utilitarianism is adaptable and allows for flexibility in decision-making The uncertainty about outcomes makes it difficult to consistently apply utilitarian principles, Critics argue that the motives behind an action should also be considered in assessing its moral worth. Kantian Ethics According to Kant, individuals have inherent worth and dignity, and moral decisions should be based on rational principles rather than the consequences of actions. An example of Kantian ethics includes a situation where a patient is diagnosed with a serious medical condition, and the recommended treatment involves a complex and potentially risky procedure. The healthcare provider is faced with the task of obtaining informed consent from the patient. It's a deontological ethical theory so it focuses on duties and moral obligations which can be appealing to those who believe in the importance of intrinsic moral duties and the autonomy of rational agents. The theory states that an action is morally permissible if its maxim can be consistently applied as a universal law without contradiction. This Kantian Ethics can be overly rigid and inflexible in its application of moral principles. Kantian Ethics may struggle to provide clear guidance in situations where moral duties conflict. 1

Remove or Replace: Header Is Not Doc Title theory can provide a clear and objective criterion for evaluating the morality of actions. Ross’s Ethics Ross ethics is a pluralism about what makes right actions right and there is more than one fundamental right-make. In an example of Ross’s ethics includes a situation where a hospital is facing a shortage of ventilators during a public health crisis, and healthcare providers must make decisions about allocating these life-saving resources among patients. One of the strengths of Ross's ethics is its reliance on common-sense morality. Ross argues that there are intuitively known prima facie duties that align with our everyday moral intuitions. This makes the theory accessible and reflective of widely accepted moral judgments. Rossian Pluralism is flexible in recognizing that moral principles may conflict in certain situations. It acknowledges the complexity of real-life ethical dilemmas and allows for the possibility of balancing conflicting duties based on the particulars of a situation. Some weaknesses include: Ross introduces the concept of prima facie duties, which are considered fundamental moral principles. However, critics argue that these duties are somewhat vague and open to interpretation. Determining the precise content and ranking of prima facie duties in complex situations can be challenging. In situations where prima facie duties conflict, Ross does not provide a clear methodology for resolving such conflicts. Critics argue that the theory lacks a systematic approach to prioritizing conflicting duties, leaving room for subjective judgment. Natural Law Natural Law An example of Natural Law Some weaknesses 2

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