unit 1 Exercise (1

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Humber College *

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OPERATING

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Philosophy

Date

Feb 20, 2024

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docx

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Uploaded by CoachBravery5867

Exercise 1.1 1. What is critical thinking?  Critical thinking involves actively and objectively analyzing information, concepts, situations, or problems in order to make well-informed decisions or conclusions. 2. Is critical thinking primarily concerned with what you think or how you think?  Critical thinking is primarily concerned with how you think. It focuses on the process of thinking, evaluating, and reasoning rather than just the content of what you think. 3. Why is critical thinking systematic?  Critical thinking is systematic because it follows a structured and organized approach to problem-solving. It involves logical reasoning and a methodical evaluation of evidence and arguments. 4. According to the text, what does it mean to say that critical thinking is done according to rational standards?  Critical thinking done according to rational standards means that it adheres to principles of reason, logic, and evidence. It involves making judgments based on sound and objective reasoning. 5. According to the text, how does a lack of critical thinking cause a loss of personal freedom?  A lack of critical thinking can lead to accepting beliefs or decisions without proper examination. This uncritical acceptance may result in the loss of personal freedom because individuals may be influenced or controlled by unsupported or irrational ideas. 6. What does the term critical refer to in critical thinking?  The term "critical" in critical thinking refers to the ability to analyze, evaluate, and assess information objectively, without bias, and with a focus on logical reasoning. 7. How does logic differ from critical thinking?

 Logic is a component of critical thinking. Critical thinking involves the broader process of analyzing and evaluating information, while logic specifically deals with the principles of valid reasoning. 8. What is a statement?  A statement is a declarative sentence that can be either true or false. It expresses a fact, opinion, or information. 9. What is an explanation?  An explanation is a statement or set of statements that clarify or provide reasons for a particular event, phenomenon, or conclusion. 10.According to the text, by what standard should we always proportion our acceptance of a statement?  We should proportion our acceptance of a statement according to the evidence and rational reasoning provided. 11.What is an argument?  An argument is a set of statements where one statement (the conclusion) is supported by one or more other statements (the premises). 12.Give an example of an argument with two premises.  Argument: All humans are mortal (premise 1). Socrates is a human (premise 2). Therefore, Socrates is mortal (conclusion). 13.What is the function of a premise?  The function of a premise is to provide support or evidence for the conclusion in an argument. 14.What is a conclusion?

 The conclusion is the main point or claim in an argument, and it is the statement that the premises are intended to support. 15.Why can’t a mere assertion or statement of beliefs constitute an argument?  Mere assertions or statements of beliefs lack the structured support and evidence required in an argument. An argument needs premises that logically support a conclusion. 16.True or false: All disagreements contain an argument.  False. Disagreements may involve differences in opinions, beliefs, or preferences without necessarily having a structured argument. 17.Does the following passage contain an argument? Sample passage: I couldn’t disagree more with Olivia. She says that video games provoke young men to violence and other insensitive acts. But that’s just not true.  Yes, the passage contains an argument. The conclusion is that Olivia's statement about video games causing violence is not true, and the premises would be the reasons or evidence supporting this conclusion. 18.Does the following passage contain an argument? Sample passage: Alonzo asserts that the government should be able to arrest and imprison anyone if they are suspected of terrorist acts. But that’s ridiculous. Doing that would be a violation of basic civil liberties guaranteed in the Bill of Rights.  Yes, the passage contains an argument. The conclusion is that Alonzo's assertion is ridiculous, and the premises provide reasons or evidence supporting this conclusion. 19.What are indicator words?  Indicator words are words or phrases that signal the presence of an argument or identify key parts of an argument, such as premises or conclusions. 20.List three conclusion indicator words.  Therefore, thus, hence.

21.List three premise indicator words.  Since, because, for. 22.Give an example of a short argument that uses one or more indicator words.  Argument: (Premise) Since it's raining outside, (Conclusion) I should take an umbrella. Exercise 1.2 For each of the following sentences, indicate whether it is or is not a statement. 1. Now that you’re mayor of the city, do you still believe that the city government is a waste of time? (Not a statement - it's a question) 2. Do not allow your emotions to distort your thinking. (Statement) 3. If someone wants to burn the American flag, they should be able to do it without interference from the police. (Statement) 4. Do you think that I’m guilty? (Not a statement - it's a question) 5. Should our religious beliefs be guided by reason, emotion, or faith? (Statement) 6. Stop driving on the left side of the road! (Not a statement - it's a command) 7. The Vietnam War was a terrible mistake. (Statement) 8. The Vietnam War was not a terrible mistake. (Statement) 9. I shall do my best to do my duty to God and my country. (Statement) 10.Are you doing your best for God and country? (Not a statement - it's a question)

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