BA 290 hw 1 - Google Docs

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University of Illinois, Chicago *

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290

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Philosophy

Date

Oct 30, 2023

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pdf

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Uploaded by vgonzalez207

1) State the purpose of/what we look to accomplish in this course. [Hint: See, pages 1 and 2 from the textbook; also, see, page 2 of chapter one lecture notes]. Additionally, state why, or for what purpose, you are taking this course. Answer/Response: The purpose of this course is to evaluate different types of ethical situations, ethical dilemmas that you will encounter in our lifetime. What we want to accomplish in this course is to help create an attitude, a disposition and a habit of living an ethical lifestyle. What I want to get out of this course is how to deal with ethical problems in a work setting. 2) On pages 6 and 7 of the “Course Overview” lecture notes (i. e., the first lecture notes in Blackboard) we addressed: “A Platform To Work From (by EJL)”). List the five “fundamental premises” suggested by me to be kept in mind as you confront an ethical dilemma. Answer/Response: The five fundamental premises are to go foward, possibilites are immense, you have a choice of how you think and feel(Independent choice), critical thinking, and decision making models/processes exist. 3) In the first full paragraph on page 9 of chapter one of the textbook, Professor Roe gives an example of what constitutes an ethical or moral dilemma. Describe the example of when a moral dilemma occurs (i.e., as provided by Professor Roe in that first full paragraph of page 9 of chapter one). Also, provide one real-life example of a moral or ethical dilemma for a corporation (i.e., any corporation) that has occurred within the last three years. Importantly, you must also state/list the Internet address/web link where you found that real-life example. Answer/Response: An example of a moral dilemma would be when you are in a group project and a few people haven't done their part yet. The deadline is approaching and those people haven't done their part yet. The deadline comes and you have to submit whether it's done or not. When it's presentation day the professor asks you to present, but the problem is that it's not finished. So the dilemma would be do you throw your team members under the bus or do you all take the blame for it? An example of a company that had an ethical dilemma is Amazon. They have been cited by OSHA for three of its warehouses for exposing workers to safety hazards. In the article it explains that Amazon put their workers at high risk for lower back injuries and musculoskeletal disorders. They are being fined $60,269 for the citations and fines. Amazon is known for their great customer service and speed of the packages, but they are not taking care of their employees' safety needs. They are faced with a dilemma because they have speedy systems, but those systems are putting employees at risk of getting injured in the process. Link: https://www.cnbc.com/2023/01/18/amazon-cited-by-osha-for-exposing-wareho use-workers-to-safety-hazards.html

4) Think of a time when you were involved, either individually or in a group, with confronting an ethical dilemma and reached what you believe was an ethical or appropriate decision. Describe that ethical dilemma and identify 3 things you believe occurred with that ethical dilemma that facilitated reaching the ethical and appropriate decision. (For instance, you gathered and investigated, in a rational way, key factors to be considered and/or got the right people involved to evaluate, assess, and make the decision). Answer/Response: A life experience where I faced an ethical dilema is for a group projcet I had to do at my community college. It was a group of 6 of us and 2 people would work together per section. So, my partner and I were doing research on our part however, I was doing the most work between us two. I kept trying to split the work evenly between us so we both do the same amount of work but my partner would not budge, they would take it and be like ok, but never do their part. With the deadline approaching soon I was getting worried about finishing my part because my partner had not done anything. I had then talked with my team and telling them that I dont know what do do in this situation. So then we talked about a few options which were, to all tell my partner that they need to get their part done, we tell her and if she doesnt continue to listen we are reporting her to our professor, or I finish my part and then tell the professor. We then all came to the second option which is warning her and then reporting her to the professor. 5) On page 14 of the textbook, in the last two sentences of the second paragraph, Professor Roe describes what “critical thinking” is (also covered at the bottom of the second page of the chapter 2 lecture notes). State what Professor Roe describes as “critical thinking.” Answer/Response: Professor Roe describes critical thinking as, reasonable thinking and not blind acceptance of propositions that cannot be supported in reason or by empirical evidence. What this means is we use critical thinking in our daily lives, we use it to gather and assess evidence, process ideas, and reach logical conclusions based upon evidence. 6) On pages 17 - 19 of the textbook, Professor Roe addresses four of the most common cognitive biases (i.e., tendencies that cause deviation from rationality in thinking). These were also covered on pages 9 through 18 of the chapter 2 lecture notes. List the four most common cognitive biases. Also, for two of those four most common cognitive biases, through Internet searching, find and briefly describe a real-life example of that cognitive bias. So, this requires two real-life examples (i.e., one for each of the two selected cognitive biases). Importantly, you must also state/list the Internet address/web link where you found each real-life example. Answer/Response: The four most common cognitive biases are, confirmation bias, anchoring bias, Dunning-Kruger effect bias, Optimism/Pessimism bias, and Backfire effect bias.

1. Anchoring Bias: An example of anchoring bias is used in marketing wherever you go. They use this so you think your getting a deal when you are really not. For example, when you out to buy a new TV, the first price is $2,000, the other tv is $1200, so you buy the second one because its “cheaper”. You make a rash decision and end up not looking at other options only because you price compared only 2 items. Link: https://www.creativeo.co/post/the-anchor-bias-principle-in-marketing-with-examples 2. Confirmation Bias: An example of confirmation bias is when their is an important election coming up whether its for mayor, alderman, or the president, people want to seek information on these candidates. However with all the evidence that there is on them people insert their beliefs into the mix of it. Link: https://www.scribbr.com/research-bias/confirmation-bias/ 7) In chapter 2, “Critical Thinking,” of the textbook, Professor Roe describes 18 of the most common logical fallacies that he describes our “assaults on reason.” This is also covered on pages 20 through 54 of the chapter 2 lecture notes. From your experience, list the three logical fallacies you have personally experienced or have seen reports on the most. Also, provide a real-life example of each of those three logical fallacies. Importantly, you must also include the internet address/web address for each of those three examples. Answer/Response: 1. Appeal to false authority: The 1st example to use the appeal to false authority is the shein influencer backlash. Earlier this year shein invited all paid for tour to influencers to show them their facilities so they can show their followers that shein has a great working environment. The brand shein used these influencers who have a big platform with thousands to millions of followers to show them that shein treats their workers great or these workers love their job which isint the case. These influencers have no evidence or validity that shein is telling the truth. Link: https://www.npr.org/2023/06/30/1184974003/shein-influencers-china-factory-trip-backlash 2. Red Herring: An example of a red herring is when companies don’t answer the question and dance around it. For example when employees want better pay or a higher pay the company would respond with “we provide great benefits for our employees”. This just dancese around the main question with another given response meaning these salaries will never be raised. Link: https://www.techtarget.com/whatis/definition/red-herring#:~:text=For%20example%2C%20an% 20argument%20against,salaries%20will%20not%20be%20raised . 3. Circular arguments: An example of circular arguments is when ex president Donald Trump came out with the statement of “Fake news”. This statement was started back in 2017, “The leaks are real. The leaks are absolutely real. The news is fake because so much of the news is fake,”. This makes it a circular argument because theres no

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