Philosophy Matrices

EDLC 504 P HILOSOPHY M ATRICES T EMPLATE (The names beside each philosophy are just for reference to help you connect the philosophy with specific philosophers.) Traditional Philosophies IDEALISM (Plato) Metaphysics Epistemology Axiology Learner’s Nature Teacher’s Role Curricular Focus Methodology Criticisms The Knowledge and behavior that humans have is what makes up ideas and the truth to live by. Remembering the ideals or being able to reflect on them give a sense of a tuneful universe. Learning to live with the truth, but focusing on what is beautyand goodness rather than the ugly and bad. The need for someone to seek perfectionin their way of livning a good life. To understand and know how to pass knowledge to a new generation through interactions. Curriculum is what sparks conversations and ideas between the student and teacher. Reading what others have wrote, listening to others speak their tuth or ideals, talking with one another. Not looking forward in change, but rather teaching what is already known from the past. REALISM (Aristotle) Metaphysics Epistemology Axiology Learner’s Nature Teacher’s Role Curricular Focus Methodology Criticisms Ideas that are seen and understood only within the mind. Interactions that the mind has with what is outside the body. Being able to understand the way they act together. Reality vs. the individual. Know the reality, make informed decisions based on that knowledge. Developomg the learners intellectual side. Becoming one with themselves and always developing goals. Pass knowledge onto learners and be the example in which learners strive to be. Role model Teaching history allows learners to form new ideas. No real life experiences outside the classroom. Written and lectures only along with reading. Focusing on not changing how things are or are supposed to me. NEO-SCHOLASTICISM (Thomas Aquinas) Metaphysics Epistemology Axiology Learner’s Nature Teacher’s Role Curricular Focus Methodology Criticisms Page 1 of 7

EDLC 504 God is the one and only creater of life. Truth is both materialistic and spiritual. Understanding of human existance and supernatural life. Knowledge does not equal goodness in a person. A persons soul is what allows the person to make a decision or choice and gain knowledge of different things. Faith and reasoning. Responsible for learning what they can and turning around to apply that knowledge to their lives. Science, mathand theology understanding . Teacher communicates with students and encourages them to practice reasining with others. Religiouse studies, economics, political and legal/political studies. Focusing on scriptures and spiritual growth within oneself. Focus on the responsibility of parents, community, church, and the impact school has on the learner. The responsibility of a school is to educate. Parents had a larger role than the school which caused neglect of curriculum and confusion that neither the parent or learner understood. Parents becamse the primary teacher. Modern Philosophies PRAGMATISM (William James, John Dewey) Metaphysics Epistemology Axiology Learner’s Nature Teacher’s Role Curricular Focus Methodology Criticisms Nothing is real unless it can be verified. Meaning there is no spiritual world that exists. Reality is only based on ones experiences. Truth exists only based on experiences people have. Truth is what people learn through and reflect on. What someone desires is based on their values, which change depending on someones culture or situations that someone encounters. The learner is someone that can solve the problems they encounter whether personal or social. They self correct themselves. Teachers express the need for learners to use reflective thinking rather than impulsive. Teacher becomes a guide instead of one that controls the learner. Human growth, cultural, physical. Learning to be a problem solver. Group activities, hands on expirements. Engage learning with real experiences. More in the now rather than the past or future. Does not use western cultural heritage and gives the learners too much freadom in theway they learn. Does not focus on universal truths of philosophy. Page 2 of 7

EDLC 504 the learning and teaching aspects. to the truths being taught. students conform to that and not their own opinions. mathematics, science, history and philosophy. learning makes for a more disciplined learning style in which the student has to conform to. ESSENTIALISM (E.D. Hirsch) Metaphysics Epistemology Axiology Learner’s Nature Teacher’s Role Curricular Focus Methodology Criticisms Teach basic, universal knowledge. Schools need stricter teachers and disciplined way or learning. Truth is known through traditions. People need to learn and understand the basics to go back to the way education used to be. It is important to know life skills that are needed, computing and literacy which will better educate students throughout their lives. Students have to become more disciplined to learn and understand the essitials needed in order to graduate and not be looked at as illiterate or incapable. Teachers are put in place to show and help the students understand what they need to be successful. They are looked at as the subject matter expert. Teachers will be respected or disciplinary measures will be involed. The first focus is on basic skills needed by a student to be successful like literature. The next focus will be on mathematics, science, history language arts and other languages. Straight forward learning concept instead of giving into what the students what. Teachers will use the students interests as motivations which hopefully would increase the students care and effort in the subjects being taught. There is no structured foundation for the teachers to go off of. Schools being soft or not strict enough. Lack of discipline in the schools. BEHAVIORISM (Skinner) Page 4 of 7

EDLC 504 Metaphysics Epistemology Axiology Learner’s Nature Teacher’s Role Curricular Focus Methodology Criticisms Nature and humanity are a part of one another. Independent Truth is what comes out in a behavior during different situation. Skinner belived in rewarding for positive things and discipline for negative. There are positive and negative rienforcement s. Relyies on facts that are meacurable. Values can be seen as attemts for understanding what should be basic behavior. Students become learners day in and day out due to the actions and thie consequences whether they are good or bad. For succeeding, positive reward. For failure, negative reward. Teachers create and environment in which students are positively reinforced for good. Decreasing bad behaviors or drop outs. Provides the students with something to look forward to and care for. Not regular school subjects, focusing more towards the econonmy and efficiency. Measurable learning and accountability when learning. Positive reinforcement would allow students to be and do better. Sense of accountability when given the opportunity. Controversy to this way of teaching due to the influence that some people had over others. Some people had more of an impact or “power” of students. Contemporary Educational Theories for Transformation RECONSTRUCTIONISM (Counts) Metaphysics Epistemology Axiology Learner’s Nature Teacher’s Role Curricular Focus Methodology Criticisms Ideal and practical. Schools need to be reconstructed in how they teach. Learning is developed through social interactions with different cultures and languages. Education is what helps a student prepare for society and the world. Students have different oppurtunities to question social, economic and political realms. The educators are there to bridge knowledge with the power of knowing and understanding that knowledge. Social reform. Focusing on political, economical and social issues within the world. Discussion based and working towards solving the problems for the political, economical and social issues within Opinion heavy, therefore causing differences. Becomes harder for one person to understand the “truths” in Page 5 of 7

EDLC 504 ongoing and changing. (already known info) and new information. Related information. to something that the student already knows. understanding of their reality by having interactions with others. information to the new information to provide a better understanding and allowing the student to grow their cognative side. understanding of a subject. knowledge. depending on students level of education and knowledge base. Page 7 of 7