Philosophy EXAM 1

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Weber State University *

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1250

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Philosophy

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Dec 6, 2023

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docx

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PHILOSOPHY EXAM 1 1, Implicit premises contain the "background knowledge" necessary for us to understand the given premises: FALSE 2, Deductive arguments always go from general to specific, while inductive arguments always go from specific to general: FALSE 3, A valid argument can have a false conclusion, so long as at least one of its premises is false: TRUE 4, Valid arguments are sometimes cogent: FALSE 5, Every deductive argument with all true premises and a true conclusion is valid: FALSE 6, Explanations serve different functions from arguments. TRUE 7, A cogent argument can have a false conclusion: TRUE 8, A valid argument can have a false conclusion: TRUE 9, It is permissible to break up disjunctive propositions and list their parts as separate premises: FALSE 10, One advantage of Beardsley diagrams is they help us see the internal structure of arguments: TRUE 11, When numbering/bracketing a passage for a Beardsley diagram, you should first identify the argument's conclusion and label it number "1": FALSE 12, Whereas the strength of an inductive argument is a matter of degree, the validity of a deductive argument is not: TRUE 13, What did John Dewey define as “Active, persistent, and careful consideration of any belief or supposed form of knowledge in light of the grounds that support it, and the further conclusions to which it tends”? CRITICAL THINKING 14, "If I pay my tuition, then I can keep taking classes" is an example of: A HYPOTHETICAL PROPOSITION 15, "Therefore," "so," and "consequently" are all examples of: CONCLUSION INDICATORS Determine whether the following passage contains an argument. If it does, write the argument in standard form; feel free to use ellipses. If it does not, write “no argument.” For the "therefore" symbol, you may label the conclusion with "C:" or copy and paste the symbol from here: 16, Because the Denver Broncos only won 5 games last season, and only teams with at least 8 wins made it to the playoffs, the Broncos must not have made the playoffs. P1: Denver Broncos only won 5 games last season P2: only teams with a least 8 wins made it to the playoffs C: Broncos must not have made the playoffs. 17, Agnes flunked her English course, so she will have to take at least one more semester of school. Also, she is 10 credits short of graduating, and she hasn't completed all of the Gen Ed requirements. P1: Agnes flunked her English course P2: she is 10 credits short of graduating P3: she hasn't completed all of the Gen Ed requirements. C: She will have to take at least one more semester of school. 18, The Taliban wants to send a high-ranking official to a gathering of world leaders this week at the United Nations General Assembly in New York, according to a U.N. official. The Taliban sent the request to U.N. Secretary General António Guterres on Monday in a message that named Mohammad Suhail Shaheen as the group's permanent representative, U.N. spokesman Farhan Haq said. No argument 19, If a dog has a good sense of smell—and my dog Beau does—then it can be trained to hunt. That's how I know my dog can be trained to hunt. P1: If a dog has a good sense of smell

P2: My dog Beau does C: I know my dog can be trained to hunt. 20, This creature crawling across my floor has 8 legs, so it is not an insect. P1: This creature crawling across my floor has 8 legs P2: Insects only have 6 legs C: It is not an insect. Copy and paste the following passage into your answer box, bracket and number each proposition, and construct a Beardsley diagram that represents the argument’s structure. Use your backslash, forward slash, and vertical line keys on your keyboard ( \ , /, and | ) to represent arrows. 21, You should get a Covid vaccine, as it’s the most effective way to protect yourself against a potentially deadly virus. 1 [You should get a Covid vaccine] 2 [it’s the most effective way to protect yourself against a potentially deadly virus] 2 | 1 22, From the fact that I cannot think of God except as existing, it follows that existence is inseparable from God, and hence that He really exists. 1[I cannot think of God except as existing] 2[existence is inseparable from God] 3[He really exists] 1 | 2 23, Capitalism is the most effective system for lifting people out of poverty, so we should maintain a capitalist system, as reducing poverty is highly desirable. 1[Capitalism is the most effective system for lifting people out of poverty,] 2[ we should maintain a capitalist system] 3[Reducing poverty is highly desirable.] 1+3 | 2 23, Iran has continued to pursue nuclear weapons, so we should impose economic sanctions on them. We should also break off diplomatic relations with countries that we impose economic sanctions on, which is why we should break off relations with Iran. Another reason to break off relations with them is that they sponsor terrorist organizations. 1[Iran has continued to pursue nuclear weapons] 2[we should impose economic sanctions on them] 3[We should also break off diplomatic relations with countries that we impose economic sanctions on] 4[we should break off relations with Iran] 5[Another reason to break off relations with them is that they sponsor terrorist organizations] 1 | 4

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