Ethics Assignment 3 Module 3

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Bethune Cookman University *

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Philosophy

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Dec 6, 2023

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Assignment 3 Module 3 1. Explain the PRINCIPLES that RELATIVISM opposes. Please furnish examples from everyday life Relativism contests the existence of any moral responsibility, moral rule, or moral standard that is applicable to every individual at every moment in every location. Relativism is the denial of people being incorrect, notwithstanding their own moral convictions and views. Even if you don't think the Earth revolves around the sun, it does. Some principles they are opposing are Moral Realism and Universal Objectivism. Any moral rules that hold true for everyone always are said to be universally Objective. 2. Draw a distinction with examples between the following concepts: A. The skeptic's argument is that humans don't understand their commitments. It exclusively relates to what we know and believe about the moral cosmos; it has nothing to do with anything else. For instance, if I genuinely think that "blood is thicker than water" and that I must be loyal to my family, then I must be. B. The entirety of ethical reality is rejected by nihilism. It is the idea that there are no moral standards, responsibilities, or principles at all. Someone who believes a debate amongst ethical academics is completely worthless is an example of a nihilist. C. The notion that every circumstance is unique is known as situationism. Because it is overly rigid, situationism utterly rejects the idea that there are any ethical absolutes. D. The diversity thesis sees that different persons have diverse moral convictions. The social diversity variation of the diversity thesis contends that different cultures have various moral tenets. This is undeniably true due to diverse demographics. Individual diversity is the second version. There are many opinions on these moralities, even while there are moral obligations shared by a group of individuals. The Diversity Thesis analyzes the reality that individuals disagree with one another in the end. According to the Dependency Thesis, the moral agent alone determines if certain moralities are true. 3. Explain Existentialism from Sartre's point highlighting, a. Existence precedes Essence, b. Anguish and Anxiety, c. Determinism and d. Human Condition.

A. Existentialism, as defined by philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre, is the belief that existence comes before essence. This correlates to the idea that there is no balanced human essence (our fundamental nature), and as a result, we do not possess any inalienable human values. Existentialism is the philosophy that we should live our lives to develop our own morals and values. We just select our own essence. B. Both Sartre and the Danish philosopher Soren Aabye Kierkegaard have a similar understanding of sorrow and worry. Anguish, according to Kierkegaard, is an awareness of one's own freedom and free will. Though he concurs with the Danish philosopher, Sartre goes a bit further. Anguish, according to him, is distinct from anxiety. Fear is a natural reaction to something that already exists. We create anxiety in response to our fears. Compared to fear, anguish is a considerably more intense emotional dread. C. The decision a person makes is all that J. P. Sartre needed to think that a person is free. It is a freedom or a decision that is frequently founded on deterministic principles. The existentialism of J.P. Sartre, or his philosophy, makes several contributions to knowledge. D. The human condition is defined by an existence that comes before its essence, according to existentialism, which is a form of humanism. Because of this, existence is difficult, and Sartre's work logically progresses toward the creation of a comprehensive existentialist philosophy of what it is to be human. 4, What is morality from Nietzsche's point and its origin? According to Friedrich Nietzsche, there are two different kinds of morality. There are two types of morality: master and slave. Master morality represents the "creator of values"; they are the values that come from the noble, strong, and powerful. They base their moral judgments on what is good and wrong. The principles of Slave Morality include compassion, humility, and dedication. A decent person is one who is secure. 5. Explain Just war theory from Cicero's point of view and the Indian and the Egyptian point of view. Cicero claimed that there was no justification for war other than retribution or self-defense, which included defending honor. Additionally, he thought that a war could not be justified unless it was openly announced and until restitution for the enemy's wrong was first requested. According to the Egyptian Just War Theory, the Pharaoh alone had the authority to declare war. This is so that the Gods' will in the realm of humans might be represented through the Pharaoh. The Indians believe in a just war being the last resort or using proportional force. The Indians believe in more self-governance through right actions of the lord.

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