Vocabulary 5

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San Jacinto Community College *

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2316

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Philosophy

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Dec 6, 2023

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Hilaria Heather Dominguez Professor Joselito Coquilla PHIL 1302-312 16 November 2022 Vocabulary 5 1. Ethics in its General Meaning - Ethics examines the rational justification for our moral judgments; it studies what is morally right or wrong, just or unjust. In a broader sense, ethics reflects on human beings and their interaction with nature and with other humans, on freedom, on responsibility and on justice 2. Ethics in Etymological meaning and its weakness - The word "ethics" is derived from the Greek word ethos (character), and from the Latin word mores (customs). Together, they combine to define how individuals choose to interact with one another. Nor would a person guided by virtue ethics be bound by the 'tyranny of the (happy) majority' that appears to be an aspect of utilitarianism. On the other hand, some thinkers argue that virtue ethics provides vague and ambiguous advice. 3. Ethical Subjectivism vs Cultural Relativism - Cultural relativism argues that cultural consensus establishes right and wrong while ethical subjectivism says that each individual establishes right and wrong . Both forms of relativism argue that there is no universal standard for what is right or wrong, but disagree on who should ultimately determine ethics. Dominguez 1

4. Ethical Relativism vs Ethical Absolutism - Ethical relativism asserts that moral truths vary from person to person or culture to culture. Ethical universalism asserts that moral truths do not vary in this fashion. Ethical absolutism takes universalism one step further, and denies that moral truths depend on human nature. ETHICAL RELATIVISM - denial of any universal valid moral principles; or denial of any moral absolutes; any moral principle if any is a matter of subjective judgment. So moral values are subjective. ETHICAL ABSOLUTISM - acceptance of a universal, valid and absolute moral principle. Moral values are objective. 5. Consequentialist Ethical Theory - Consequentialism is a theory that says whether something is good or bad depends on its outcomes. An action that brings about more benefit than harm is good, while an action that causes more harm than benefit is not. The most famous version of this theory is utilitarianism. 6. Ethical Egoism vs Utilitarianism - Note that this is dissimilar to Utilitarianism because Utilitarianism seeks to promote the greatest happiness for the greatest number . Meanwhile, ethical egoism holds that everyone should merely seek their own good, even at the expense of others. 7. Act Utilitarianism vs Rule Utilitarianism - There is a difference between rule and act utilitarianism. The act utilitarian considers only the results or consequences of the single act while the rule utilitarian considers the consequences that result of following a rule of conduct . 8. Natural Law Ethical Theory - Natural law is a theory in ethics and philosophy that says that human beings possess intrinsic values that govern their reasoning and behavior . Dominguez 2

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