HSCI 705 Week 4 Ethics Perspective

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Apr 3, 2024

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Brandon Pentheny 03/10/2024 HSCI 705 OVERVIEW The purpose of these ethical reflection assignments is to equip you to apply course reading and theological ethics into the types of situations that health care leaders and administrators face over the course of their career. Case studies such as these are not catechistic, but they can provide a basis for grounding one’s ethical reflections in context-rich situations. INSTRUCTIONS For each of these assignments, you will write a 1200-word essay responding to an ethical question. Your responses should include two peer-reviewed sources and one theological-ethical source. Theological sources cannot simply be a biblical reference without textual commentary/analysis. Do not force the theological reflections, but ground them in evidential, textual, and exegetical reflection. Ethical Reflection: Current Issues Assignment 3.Snowflake Adoptions—Where are the potential ethical gray areas related to in vitro- fertilization (IVF)and the remaining embryos not brought to birth but frozen and left conceived and shelved? Ethical and Moral Considerations for Snowflake Adoptions: Healthcare stakeholders consistently encounter multiple ethical challenges in the dynamic healthcare landscape. A complex current issue is that of ‘Snowflake Adoptions’ or In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) and what is done with the specimens that are not brought to immediate use. This short essay will aim to explore potential ethical gray areas that exist, and subsequent medical considerations. The use of IVF has increased in notoriety in recent years and has maintained a relevant ethical issue. Scientific advancement has allowed for easier decision making through evidence-based practice

(Asplund, K 2020). The ethical dilemma regarding IVF or Snowflake Adoptions are constantly evolving and require a comprehensive nuanced approach. It is imperative to be able to think critically about each potential issue as there are ethical gray areas within the overall process of IVF. Many of the ethical considerations derive from early IVF experiments conducted in the 1930s, where proponents saw great medical advancement for individuals and families being able bare children of their own genetic makeup, where opponents viewed it as scientists playing God (Asplund, K 2020). However, since then there have been roughly 12 million children born via IVF (eClinicalMedicine 2023). This figure will continue to grow as the World Health Organization WHO estimates roughly 1 in 6 global families are infertile. (article 2) With the increased prevalence in IVF examining the ethical dimensions of policy and practical application will be of heightened importance. Policy considerations revolve around the legal framework governing assisted reproductive technologies. Healthcare stakeholders need to operate in the overlapping area of reproductive rights, parental autonomy, and the protection of genetic specimens within frozen eggs and embryos. Policies addressing the disposition of these embryos and genetic specimens vary from country to country, and even further within states or regions of a given country. Policies change based on current cultural, legal, and ethical perspectives within a given region or country. Healthcare decision making stakeholders should critically engage within existing policies without preconditioned bias from religion, personal experience, or political ideology. In the ethical and moral reflections by key stakeholders they should consider the societal and legal factors that comprise potential policies. With key focus on balancing rights and interest of the individual, while still upholding specimen care standards. When considering potential ethical arguments, they should be vetted and based on a thorough understanding of the implications of different policies.

Healthcare stakeholders must consider the medical, physical, and psychological impact it has on individuals undergoing treatments. An ethical analysis of IVF or Snowflake Adoptions requires stakeholders to incorporate evidence-based practice and medically relevant reasoning. This involves constantly evaluating success rates and associated risk factors. Ethical reflections should be practical and extend past immediate concerns of embryo disposition to encompass the broader impact on families, and societal development. Often when providing both male and female genetic make up for IVF there is a significant amount more material provided than is used for a single attempt. This is due to a higher rate of failure carrying a human to term is a significant and complex process. When more genetic material is provided it is often saved and frozen for later use in case of failure to carry to term or attempting for another child. The ethical and moral gray area arises with what to do with the genetic material once it is no longer needed for IVF. Generally, it is disposed of, as it is not needed by the attempting parents any longer. Policy stakeholders must navigate increased tension between needs of biological parenthood and the moral responsibility to safeguard genetic make-up of frozen embryos. Theological considerations on IVF provide an insight to the perception and regional cultural values. However, religious considerations and sentiment should not have a place in legal and policy legislation as follows the separation of church and state. Integrating theological perspectives can aid an individual to have a moral and ethical base, however one can still develop morals and ethics for considering the sanctity of human life without it being based in theology. Within many theological perspectives do not accept any use of third-party conception to be ethical (Sallam, H. N 2016). This is without even considering the moral gray area of disposing of non-utilized biological material. As science advances theological sources should not be fully

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