ENV 250 Module One Homework (3)

.docx

School

Southern New Hampshire University *

*We aren’t endorsed by this school

Course

250

Subject

Philosophy

Date

Apr 3, 2024

Type

docx

Pages

Uploaded by AmbassadorMetal11473

ENV 250 Module One Homework Instructions: For this assignment, you will construct hypotheses based on a given observation and determine if a given scenario is using deductive or inductive reasoning. For each problem below, please address the prompt and explain your reasoning. 1. Kelly has two ponds on her farm. Around one pond, she sprayed diazinon, a common pesticide, to get rid of ants. A week later she noticed that the tadpoles in the pond she sprayed diazinon around appear smaller in size than the tadpoles in the other pond where she did not spray. Using the scenario above, write a specific, testable research hypothesis and null hypothesis for Kelly’s observation. Justify your reasoning. Kelly's theory states that tadpoles in one pond will grow more slowly than those in the control pond if she sprays diazinon around it. I think that Kelly can track development in both ponds over time, making this idea testable. Tadpoles in both ponds should develop at the same pace if she keeps spraying diazinon, according to the null hypothesis. This configuration makes it possible to compare and test the idea. 2. Dr. Ramirez noted that many of his patients with lung cancer all work in the same coal mine. He wonders if chronic exposure to coal dust causes cancer. Write a specific, testable research hypothesis and null hypothesis for Dr. Ramirez’s question. Justify your reasoning. There may be a connection between long-term coal dust exposure and lung cancer, based on Dr. Ramirez's observations of lung cancer patients who worked in coal mines. According to the research premise, miners are more likely to develop lung cancer if they are exposed to coal dust. The null hypothesis, on the other hand, indicates no link. The research hypothesis is founded on a clinical observation made by Dr. Ramirez. To ascertain the statistical significance of the link, a systematic investigation comparing the incidence of lung cancer in coal miners with a control group would be conducted. The results would be strengthened by a carefully planned study that accounts for confounding variables. 3. Jackie observed that most of the houses in her neighborhood did not set out recycling cans on trash pick-up day. She wondered if the lack of participation was due to apathy and decided to conduct a formal survey. Write a specific, testable research hypothesis and null hypothesis for Jackie’s observation. Justify your reasoning. According to Jackie's research hypothesis, I don’t think that is much of a connection between environmental consciousness and recycling can behavior. The null hypothesis makes no assumptions about a relationship. Low recycling rates in Jackie's neighborhood raise the possibility that people's actions are motivated by a lack of environmental awareness. You would have to investigate theories that might yield information about recycling habits and environmental awareness, which might influence recycling initiatives and laws meant to encourage people to participate in environmental conservation.

4. All ducks fly south for the winter. A mallard is a type of duck. Therefore, mallards fly south for the winter. What type of logic is represented in the duck scenario? What is the main caveat for this type of logic? Justify your reasoning. Inductive reasoning is utilized to draw the conclusion that mallards likewise go south for the winter. This line of reasoning starts with observations or patterns and works its way out to more general conclusions. But the conclusions drawn by inductive reasoning are not always certain. It gives substantial evidence to back up a claim, but it is not proof positive. Not all ducks, including mallards, will necessarily go south for the winter. 5. Chinook, Coho, and sockeye salmon return to the stream where they were hatched to spawn. Therefore, all salmon return to the stream where they were hatched to spawn. What type of logic is represented in the salmon scenario? What is the main caveat for this type of logic? Justify your reasoning. When drawing generalizations from certain observations or pieces of evidence, inductive reasoning is the logic that's applied in many circumstances. All salmon, for instance, are thought to return to their birthplace based on the observation of Chinook, Coho, and sockeye salmon returning there to spawn. Since it depends on the facts at hand and might not always be accurate, inductive reasoning does not, however, provide certainty. Thus, it does not provide absolute assurance, even though it can be a useful tool for forecasts and hypotheses. References Li, L., Jiang, M., Li, X., & Zhou, B. (2021). Association between Coalmine Dust and Mortality Risk of Lung Cancer: A Meta-Analysis. BioMed research international , 2021 , 6624799. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6624799 Ducks in your pool. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. (2024, March 1). Ducks in you pool and Nesting in your Yard. FWS.gov. Retrieved from: https://www.fws.gov/story/ducks-your- pool#:~:text=Migration,spring%20migration%20begins%20in%20March . Fisheries, N. (n.d.). Salmon life cycle and seasonal fishery planning . NOAA. https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/west-coast/sustainable-fisheries/salmon-life-cycle-and- seasonal-fishery-planning#:~:text=Salmon%20and%20steelhead%20can%20return,streams %20where%20they%20were%20born ).

Your preview ends here

Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version

Access to all documents
Unlimited textbook solutions
24/7 expert homework help