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Florida Atlantic University *

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HUMAN RESO

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Philosophy

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Jan 9, 2024

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C206 Task 1 Ethical Leadership Western Governor University A1. Ethical Trait:

After 2011 Egyptian Revolution, many political leaders came to the scene advocating for democracy in Egypt. One of them is Basem Youssef, also known as Jon Stewart of the Middle East. Before Basem, political satire never existed in the middle east including Egypt where people are oppressed by different forms of dictatorships. Basem Youssef, a cardiothoracic surgeon, felt the need to have this form of freedom of speech in a nation where civilization was born 7000 years ago. He used to write his speeches on the university hospital shuttle bus on his way to work. After Mubarak Regime fall in January 2011, he saw the light of freedom shining on the nation and started a YouTube Channel and made short video clips in which he explained the current political dilemma in a sarcastic way. Millions of people in Middle East followed him then he started to make full episodes to discuss critical social topics like freedom of press and women rights. Finally, he received his first TV contract at the same time he received a hospital contract to work in the USA as a doctor. He decided to stay in Egypt to address the current social needs of the country. Basem continued to fight dictatorships in Egypt till he fled to US in 2014 after several politically directed investigations for him and his family members. He refused to air any TV shows from the US because he felt that any political satire show being aired outside loses credibility among the public raising the possibility of foreign funding. A2. Ethical Conduct: Demonstrating integrity is a trait that Bassem showed in his career in Egypt between 2011-2014. He interviewed politicians from different parties to explain their views to the public. He advocated for a secular nation where people from different backgrounds are equal under the constitution. He admitted his mistakes and limitation on air showing honesty to his audience. He disclosed all his financial support to argue against any foreign or external fund some claimed he received. He advocated for minorities and women rights in Egypt. He fought hard against extremism in every form or shape and warned against a constitution that legalized discrimination or solidified power in the hand of one group or political party. The definition of courage is the quality of mind or spirit that enables a person to face difficulty, danger, or pain without fear. Bassem had the courage to challenge the social stereotypes in Egypt by making fun of politicians and teaching people to do critique of current political situations. He showed them that no politician is

above the law and freedom of press is one way to push politicians towards integrity and hard work. He had the courage to tell the Egyptian people that the nation ought to learn from the American democracy and adopt the ideas of the founding fathers of America established the American constitution. He interviewed Jon Stewart in Egypt and fought against antisemitism in Egypt. By upholding human rights, Bassem and Jon taught the audience that we can be different, and we may disagree but at the end of the day, we are all human. B. Compare the deontological and consequentialist perspectives: As a resident physician, I communicate with other health professionals regarding near miss error or malpractice issues which is a common problem in healthcare system having in mind issues like short staffing and long hours of work. One of these malpractice issues is having a co-worker suffering from opioid addiction. The consequentialist values overall benefits of the community. The consequentialist would want to know beneficial and adverse consequences of their decision in an controversial ethical situation. A consequentialist will consider reporting this malpractice issues to ensure patient right to know about the event in a clear transparent manner. There are multiple channels to address these issues internally in the hospital and externally through the state medical board. Reporting the event will help the system identify points of weakness and address them accordingly to prevent recurrence of similar mistakes through risk management team which release a report at the end of the investigation process. Also, through mortality and morbidity conferences, healthcare teams usually address certain events in the months that possibly caused patient harm and develop action plans to prevent future events. Further sequentially related questions are considered by consequentialists to clarify the vision for better decision-making process. For example, can we identify the stakeholders in this dilemma? In this situation, the stakeholders are coworkers who know about the incidence, the patients receiving care in this facility, and the hospital as a primary facility where error happened. How will this affect the reputation of the facility? How will this harm the patients receiving care at the facility? Revealing the information to the state board/risk management would be beneficial to them and allow them to make balanced decisions. However, by revealing the information

externally and breaking your nondisclosure agreement, you will lose your job. Finally, by revealing the information, the hospital could suffer financially. I believe that a consequentialist would not reveal the information externally and would use internal channels to communicate malpractice issues and address them. From a deontological perspective, non-disclosure agreements regulate what staff can or can’t share with authorities and patient family. The deontological approach values what is right, fair, honest, compassionate, and respectful. Obligations, responsibilities, and their ethical principles would be the focus of what deontologist would do. A deontologist would look at the situation at healthcare practice by asking a series of questions to be as unbiased as possible and help them better understand the current dilemma. What is the fairest actions should be implemented? How would public react if they knew about these serious malpractice issues? Should I break my NDA?. In summary, answers to these questions would guide a deontologist on how to further respond to this situation. From my humble point of view, I think a deontologist who break NDA and release information to state officials for the sake of the public based on the Hippocratic auth which entails avoiding any harm to our patients. C. Level of cognitive moral development: Moral reasoning develops through three levels and six stages according to Lawrence Kohlberg’s Theory of Cognitive Moral Development ( Maggi S etal 2022) . Pre-conventional level is the first level where decisions are made by avoiding punishment and negative consequences ( Stage I ), Stage II includes decision made for advancing their own interests. The conventional level is stage III where decisions are made in order to make people closest to you happy. Stage 4 includes decisions approached through personal consequences depending on what is dictated by others and society. The post-conventional level (Stage 5) is considered the third level where decisions are made by values of justice and human rights.

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