RLGN 1233 Unit 1

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Jan 9, 2024

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Fall 2023 RLGN 1322: Introduction to Eastern Traditions Review #1 – Introduction Key Terms: Polytheism : the belief in or worship of more than one God Monotheism: the doctrine or belief that there is only one God Religion: no universal definition of religion Deity : a god or goddess (in a polytheistic religion) Animism: The belief in a supernatural power that organizes and animates the material universe. General Overview Key Characteristics of Religion : 1. Three worlds: sky, earth, underworld. 2. Significance of sacred places. 3. Animal Spirits. 4. Death and Burial Religion can explain : the purpose of human existence, good/evil, natural phenomena, and origins of the universe “Religion” may include belief in the supernatural, ritual, social gatherings, texts, sacred places, cosmology, worship, heavenly realms, belief in an afterlife, etc. Problem : There is always an exception to these categories, so it is difficult to articulate a definitive definition of what religion (know some of these exceptions!) Methods for the study of religion on page 25 – familiarize yourself with these 5 assertions Two key take-aways: Always changing and historically embedded Study Questions: 1. How can we provisionally define religion? Why are all definitions of religion problematic? Many scholars trace the derivation of the word “religion” to the Latin verb religare , “to bind.” Others argue that the root is relegere , “to go over again. From the beginning, then, there has been no universal definition of religion All definitions of religion are problematic because of the diverse nature of beliefs , practises , and interpretations associated with it . Differing linguistic roots, varied views on the divine, and the existence of religions that do not adhere to traditional notions of God(s) are all reasons why religion can’t be defined as a whole. Additionally, the uncertainty surrounding authoritative religious texts and the distinction between established religions and newer ones contribute to the difficulty in providing a clear – cut definition. 2. What sort of existential questions does religion attempt to answer?
Fall 2023 It addresses questions concerning the nature of the divine , the existence of gods , the interpretation of authoritative texts , and the distinction between established religions and new belief systems . Religion grapples with questions also related to the binding or reiteration of beliefs , indicating that it may seek to provide meaning, purpose, and understanding about the fundamental nature of existence. 3. Explain the Insider/Outsider debate. It refers to a discussion and consideration of perspectives held by individuals who are either members of a particular religious tradition(insiders) or those who are not affiliated with that tradition (outsiders). The insider-outsider debate in religion centers on how individuals’ approach and perceive different religious traditions. Insiders are those who belong to a specific religious community, having been raised within its teachings. They often hold their own beliefs as absolute and may find it challenging when outsiders question or present alternative views. Outsiders, on the other hand, are individuals who do not belong to a particular religious tradition and may approach it with a more objective or critical lens. They approach religious traditions rom an external standpoint. They may belong to a different religious tradition or may not adhere to any specific belief system. This can lead to a more objective or critical evaluation of the beliefs and practices of the religion in question. The debate explores how these different perspectives influence understanding, interpretation, and interactions with various religious traditions. It also highlights the need for sensitivity and respect when engaging with diverse religious beliefs and practices. 4. Explain the constellation approach to understanding religion that we discussed in class. Various attributes or characteristics may constitute a “religion”- Constellation Approach Universal definitions tend to fail because there is always a counterexample “religion” comes from the Latin “religio” (= to bind) and was inherently linked to Christianity in early usage. 5. What is the difference between the academic study of religion and theology? Academic study explores major world religions , such as Christianity, Judaism, Buddhism, while theology maintains a singular focus on the study of God. 6. Be able to name/explain the major developments in religion (just recognize them, not memorize them verbatim). 9 Major Developments in the History of Religion 1. Shamanism : characteristics, role, ritual 2. Connecting to the Cosmos : structures for interaction with the cosmos and sacred space 3. Temple Religion : physical structure, centralized authority, significance of ritual 4. Middle Eastern Prophets & Asian Sages : transmits divine revelation 5. Energy God : some type of universal entity or force that is the underlying cause of all existence
Fall 2023 6. Purity Monasticism : focus on discipline and study in order to attain spiritual knowledge 7. Mystery Religions : groups that required initiation rites and were secretive about their ritual practices 8. Avatars : incarnations or manifestations of gods/deities 9. Scriptural Religion : use of authoritative texts 7. What are the 5 main assertions that scholars make about religion? 1. There is distinction between the devotional expression of a religious belief and the study of diverse devotional expressions. 2. Religions are internally diverse. 3. Religions are always evolving and changing. 4. Religions are enmeshed in virtually all dimensions of human agency and expression. 5. Religions are historically embedded.
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