quiz 10 biomedical ethics

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Philosophy

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Jan 9, 2024

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Biomedical Ethics Quiz #10 1.How would Utilitarian justice apply to health care rights (639-640, 645-646)? Utilitarian justice is when an action is made to help the most or benefit the most of something. In the case of health care rights, making health care policies that can help a lot of people. It would increase the amount of people that can get health care and it can also increase the benefits that they would receive on top of that. Health care would also have to be of the best quality for the most amount of people. There are two parts that come from the utilitarian theory that Buchanan mentions in page 639. He says that there is Act and Rule Utilitarianism. Act Utilitarianism is when an action that is morally right and it creates the most benefits such as satisfaction. Rule Utilitarianism follows rules that are set and creates the most benefits as possible. So having everyone have the right to health care would be the action that can create satisfaction. The polices that come with it would be the rules that they have to follow while still having the greatest benefits. 2.What are some of the chief differences that you can detect between the theories of justice advanced by Rawls and by Nozick? (640-645) The difference that stood out the most between Rawls and Nozick was the difference principle that Rawls proposed. Rawls difference principle was that the ones who were at the lowest in the economy would be paid for by the higher class or those who have a higher economic status. This would help those who are of low income and wealth the most. Nozick does not have that view at all. He says that he is against redistributing the income of the rich people. It is their property and they have rights to keep their property. Making them give some of it up is unjust and is stealing from them. He proposes Libertarian actions which include the people would have to earn and look for health care. 3.Why does a commitment to the autonomy and moral equality of all citizens require that a society strive to provide universal health care, according to Nielsen (650-651)? Nielsen explains that autonomy and moral equality are very important values that are part of the foundation of our values as a whole. She says that autonomy is important because people will have the right and freedom to chose what they want to do in their lives. They have the say to what can happen and moral equality also lines up with that. Everyone is equal and no

other group or individual can control the others. Having both of these values it can help society build up and develop in a good way. 4.Why does Nielsen argue that a just health care system would have to provide the same extent and quality of health care for everyone (652-653)? Nielsen from the beginning emphasizes the importance of equality and continues to bring up this value. She says that is it morally right to have equality in healthcare because everyone needs healthcare and everyone matters. She believes in egalitarianism in which everyone has equal rights and privileges. Having systems that involve different levels would not work in in egalitarianism. People deserve quality health care no matter how much money they have. Just because a person is more wealthy does not mean they should get better care than another person. 5.What are some of Nielsen’s proposed resolutions to some of the practical problems government run, universal health care could cause (653-654)? Nielsen proposes that medicine should not be run by private companies but rather by the public. Private companies are run by the idea of supply and demand and making profit is their importance. They do not care about treating people instead they care about making money off of people’s illness and malaise. It should not be run as a business because it undermines the importance of the needs that the human has. It can be more safe, less costly, and more accessible to the people. The people can vote off their government if they are not in tune with the policies that they have and vote for another government that does meet their needs. As for the cost of health care, she proposed for doctors to be on salaries, that way they could provide the same good quality care year round.

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