Quiz_Ethics 115

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Quiz: On Epicurus, Aristotle, Mill & Kant Ethics 115 The Quiz is due no later than 11pm on Saturday, October 14 . The Quiz accounts for 15% of your overall grade in Ethics. This Quiz is comprised of essay questions designed to test your knowledge of Epicurus, Aristotle, Mill and Kant. You will be able to access the Quiz for approximately one week. Please respond to all essay questions and save your responses in a single Word or PDF document. Once you complete the Quiz, please upload your responses to Canvas (See Assignments; Quiz). After the deadline (11pm on Saturday 10/14) you will be unable to upload your responses, so please be sure to complete the assignment on time. Support your responses with textual evidence. Note: No outside sources required—Please only use assigned readings as sources when responding to quiz questions. When citing sources, use author’s last name and page number. For example: (Epicurus, 41). Grading: Your responses will be graded on the following: - Relevance, Clarity, and Quality: The student’s responses answer the questions asked; The student makes an effort to be as clear as possible (e.g., offers explanations, examples, etc.); The student’s responses are well written. - Interpretation & Analysis: The student provides adequate reasons to justify his/her claims & support his/her interpretation/analysis of the material covered; The student’s responses are thoughtful and demonstrate an ability to think critically about the material. - Knowledge & Insight: The student’s responses demonstrate his/her knowledge of the material covered; The student’s responses are insightful. Quiz Questions: Please save your responses only in Word or PDF format . Read each question carefully and respond only to the question(s) being asked. Be sure to cite/reference source material whenever quoting/paraphrasing. As a general guideline, your response to each question should be no more than 200-300 words . 1. In Epicurus’ view, how can justice be the same for all when considered as a general principle, but vary when applied to specific situations? Explain. (4 points) In Epicurus’s view justice can the same for all situations as a general principle but different or vary when applied to specific situations. Epicurus believes that justice is simply nothing other than making people or society safe and unharmed, and basically just there to keep peace in society or between people. there are situations in which justice can vary, and other situations in which it can be applied as a general principle, for example in situation of things like “mutual pledge is the only time in which justice can be a general principle. However, if this “mutual pledge” is not there then justice cannot be applied as a general principle. Justice can vary in situations for example in situations in self-defense may have caused harmed or even killed another person, you are not going to be what some would say guilty of harm or murder because you were defending yourself based on the actions of another towards you. In situations

Quiz | Ethics 115 Daniel Garro | Fa23 2 of such justice is used to impose the idea of things being fair and defending behavior that was used to protect yourself or others around. Justice can be both used as a general principle when there is justice or otherwards peace to be provided on both sides, but it can also vary depending on situation. 2. Kant argues that a categorical imperative is an objective rule for acting, whereas a hypothetical imperative is a subjective rule for acting. Briefly explain why Kant distinguishes between these imperatives or rules for acting. (4 points) The reason 3. In Aristotle’s view, habituation plays an important role in our virtuous development. Explain the role habituation plays. (3 points) Aristotle’s view on habituation is that our virtues come from habituation. Aristotle’s view argues that we have two different types of virtues which are intellectual along with moral. He argues that virtues are types of actions and choices that we ruinously do or practice in habituation. Habituation and practicing these virtues he believe allow us to become virtuous by practicing these thing daily. This is the reason as to why he believes that habituation plays a large role in virtuous development, he believes that through practice our virtues come to us, through our practice, rather than against nature or even by nature. Artistole believes that practice of virtues is attainable by any person, and this would allow all people to sustain some sort or degree of happiness. 4. About the “Feeling for Humanity,” Mill writes, “The deeply rooted conception which every individual even now has of himself as a social being, tends to make him feel it one of his natural wants that there should be harmony between his feeling and aims and those of his fellow creatures,” (p. 168). Explain. What is Mill suggesting? Why is this feeling for humanity important in Mill’s view? (4 points) The feeling for humanity is important in Mill’s view because he states that the two kinds of pleasure that bring the most happiness are the intellectual and moral pleasures, and he also argues that these pleasures are of greater values than those the give us more physical pleasure and that those pleasure are of lesser value. A large argument of Mill’s is that of Utilitarianism which is the idea of the connections that we have between actions and our feelings. This idea is mainly focused on the potential happiness and pleasure that an action might bring us, therefore in Utilitarianism there are cases in which actions that could potentially be morally wrong or bad would be okay because of the happiness and pleasure it might bring to one. The importance of Utilitarianism is that it is centered around actions and what the actions might bring to one who is preforming them, essentially looking for the actions that bring the highest value of pleasure and happiness. This is also why the feeling for humanity is important to Mill because having the greatest happiness value would be considered a moral act if it follow and promoted Utilitarianism but not moral if it did not follow it. Extra Credit (Optional)

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