edited PHYS Lab#4

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New York University *

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UA11

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Physics

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May 14, 2024

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pdf

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Lab #4: Newton’s Second Law PHYS-UA11
Objective and Description In this experiment, students are able to further their familiarity with the Capstone interface. Object from previous experiments, such as the motion sensor, air track, glider, and weights were used once again. In addition, students also used a force sensor, photogate sensor, smart pulley, and a picket fence. Through the use of these objects in three different parts, students are able to compare their experimental values for acceleration to the theoretical one that can be calculated. In doing so, the validity of Newton’s Second Law can be analyzed in a physical sense. Theory According to Newton’s second law of motion, an object’s acceleration is dependent upon the mass of an object and the sum of all forces acting upon that mass, referred to as the net force. In other words, F=ma This statement is further expanded to demonstrate that the only force acting on a falling object is acceleration due to gravity. a=g= 9.81m/s 2 Procedure My partner and I followed the procedure fairly closely to that expressed in the write-up. In the first part, it was helpful to attach an index card with tape to the bottom of the hanging mass to be moved up and down. This enabled the motion sensor to get a more accurate read, since it does so based off sound waves bouncing back towards it. In the second part of the experiment, I found it necessary to stop the glider before it hit the end of the track while my partner simultaneously hit the stop button. If the glider was allowed to hit the end of the track, this often resulting in the string coming loose from the pulley and the hanging weight falling off the force sensor.
Data and Calculations Section 3 Figure 1. Analysis: As demonstrated in previous experiments, velocity is the derivative of position and acceleration is the derivative of velocity. This is further illustrated in this graph. When the velocity graph is at zero, the position graph reaches a maximum or minimum value. At these instances, the position was changing from getting closer to the sensor to further. In other words, this depicts when the direction we moved the weight in changed. Then the acceleration graph is at zero, the force is also at zero. For the acceleration graph, this aligns with a position where the velocity graph is at a maximum or minimum. It indicates that the velocity went from a point of increasing to decreasing, or vice versa. Section 4
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