M6 - Data Sheets3
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Experiment M6 Purdue University - Physics 22000 M6-8 Lab day & time: __________________ Date: _________________ Work and Energy (M6) - Data Sheets (Show all calculations and write all results on the data sheets in ink)
In Activities 1, 2 and 3 we will analyze what happens to the cart located in two locations: at the top of the incline and at the bottom of the incline. In Activity 1, we calculate the change of gravitational potential energy between these two locations. In Activity 2 we estimate the work needed to move the cart from the bottom location to the top of the incline. In Activity 3 we measure the kinetic energy of the cart at the bottom of the incline when it is released from the top of the incline. Potential energy change, work and kinetic energy are all forms of energy and are linked together by the conservation of energy principle. Activities 4 and 5 are about the potential energy stored in a stretched spring and its conversion into kinetic energy. Activity 1: Potential Energy (1 p.)
Mass of the cart with the force sensor attached: m
cart with the force sensor
= 0.890 kg - if you are using "Force Sensor" (model CI-6537) or m
cart with the force sensor
= 0.635 kg - if you are using the "Economy Force Sensor" (model CI- 6746). Be sure to fill-in the correct units in the space provided: ( ) Initial position (#1 - upper) Final position (#2 - lower) Vertical height (∆h) h
1
= ( ) h
2
= ( ) Potential energy (PE) ( ) ( ) Change in vertical height (
h = h
1
-h
2
) = ______________ ( ) Change in potential energy (
PE = m
cart with the force sensor g
h) = ________________ ( ) Student's Name: ______________________________
Student's Name: ______________________________
Experiment M6 Purdue University - Physics 22000 M6-9
Activity 2: Work (1 p.)
Initial position (#1 - upper) Final position (#2 - lower) Position (x) x
1
= ( ) x
2
= ( ) Distance traveled |
x
| = |
x
1
- x
2
| = _______________ ( ) Write values of the pulling force for five locations along the incline. This force should be equal to the gravity force component that is parallel to the incline. Measured mean force values: F ( ) Deviations from the average force:
F = F - F
AV ( ) Squared deviations from the average force: (
F)
2 ( ) 1 2 3 4 5 Average F
AV
= Sum = Average force F
AV
= _______________ ( ) (
use only two significant figures
) Standard deviation of the force measurements s
F
= ______________ ( ) Work done W = ____________ ± ____________ ( ) Use only two significant figures and assume that the experimental error in distance measurements is negligible compared to error in force measurements, i.e., s
W
= s
F
*
x (see also the “Experimental Uncertainties (Errors)” file). Calculate what should be the theoretical value of the pulling force neglecting friction. Show your calculations!
Experiment M6 Purdue University - Physics 22000 M6-10
Theoretical value of the pulling force: F
P
= ______________ ( ) Does the average measured force agree with the theoretical value within experimental error? (in other words - is it true that: F
AV
- s
F
< F
P
< F
AV
+ s
F
)? Show your work! YES or NO _______________ Activity 3: Kinetic Energy (1 p.)
Maximum absolute value of velocity: | v
max
| = _______________ ( ) Kinetic energy: KE = _______________ ( ) Energy lost: |
PE| - KE = _______________ ( ) Percentage energy loss = ____________ ( % ) Since all the energy lost is due to work done by the friction force, we may use the following equation to estimate the average friction force F
FRICTION
. |∆PE| - KE =
F
FRICTION ∆x
Average friction force F
FRICTION
= _______________ ( )
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By concept, we know that
K1=(1/2)mv²1
K2=(1/2)mv2
But it was mentioned that:
v2=(
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